Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Antiseptic Components and Erethism Effects
18 Questions
0 Views

Antiseptic Components and Erethism Effects

Created by
@GladWerewolf

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of erethism caused by mercury exposure?

  • Irritability and personality changes (correct)
  • Increased self-confidence
  • Improved social interactions
  • Enhanced memory retention

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antidote for mercury poisoning?

  • Antihistamines (correct)
  • EDTA
  • Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate
  • Albumin

    • What is the effect of prolonged exposure to mercury vapors on an individual?

  • Decreased irritability
  • Enhanced athletic performance
  • Delirium and memory loss (correct)
  • Improved cognitive function

    • How should one respond to mercury that spills into cracks?

    <p>Cover it with sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mercury compound is known as Calomel?

    <p>Hg2Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sodium thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning treatment?

    <p>It acts as a sulfur donor for cyanide conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is commonly used to refer to sodium thiosulfate in photographic processing?

    <p>Photographer's hypo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate when using sodium thiosulfate?

    <p>Rhodanese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secondary use does sodium thiosulfate have apart from treating cyanide poisoning?

    <p>It functions as a photographic fixer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a treatment for cyanide poisoning in the context provided?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Darrow's Solution in electrolyte balance?

    <p>It increases body secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pharmacological property of ammonium compounds?

    <p>Expectorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is NOT a source of iodine?

    <p>Darrow's Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the function of cesium in chemical reactions?

    <p>As a catalyst in polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of ammonium compounds in treatment?

    <p>Application in diuretics and as buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Darrow's Solution?

    <p>An oral glucose and electrolyte solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary utility of NH3 (ammonia) in household use?

    <p>As a circulatory stimulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential effect of using an expectorant?

    <p>Stimulates the clearing of mucus from the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mercury and Its Reagents

    • Mayer’s reagent functions as an antiseptic component.
    • Erethism occurs due to mercury vapor exposure, leading to mood changes, irritability, and social difficulties.
    • Severe cases of erethism can involve delirium and memory loss.
    • Common antidotes for mercury poisoning include EDTA and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate.
    • Albumin can induce emesis in emergency cases using egg white (one egg white for 250 mg of mercury).
    • Mercury compounds include:
      • Hg2Cl2 (Mercurous chloride) known as Calomel, which is a cathartic.
      • HgNH2Cl (Ammoniated Mercury), recognized as a topical anti-infective.

    Cyanide Poisoning

    • Cyanide poisoning can be treated with:
      • Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and amyl nitrite.
      • Sodium thiosulfate, acting as an antidote by converting cyanide to thiocyanate.
      • Methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin serve as additional treatment options.
    • Sodium thiosulfate is also known as "hypo," originally from hyposulphite of soda, used in photographic processing.

    (3A) Boron Family

    • Members of the Boron family are chemically reactive.
    • Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is known for its role in various clinical applications and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning.

    Ammonium Compounds

    • Ammonium ions (NH4⁺) result from the protonation of ammonia (NH3).
    • Ammonium iodide (NH4I) acts as a source of iodine and can serve as an expectorant and antifungal.
    • Ammonium acetate (NH4CH3COO) is noted as Spirit of Mindererus, a styptic agent.
    • Household ammonia solutions are used as circulatory stimulants and counterirritants.

    Additional Chemical Properties

    • Cesium is a catalyst in resin formation and derives its name from the Latin for "sky blue," due to the blue color of its salts when heated.
    • Nessler's reagent, composed of potassium iodide, mercuric chloride, and potassium hydroxide, is utilized for ammonia detection.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the effects of various antiseptic components such as Mayer’s reagent and Nessler’s reagent. This quiz also covers the behavioral changes associated with Erethism, including irritability and low self-confidence. Test your knowledge of alkaloids and their effects on mental health.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser