Antipsychotic Drugs and CNS Medications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of neuronal cell bodies are involved in serotonergic neurotransmission?

  • Cell bodies in the limbic system
  • Cell bodies in the spinal cord
  • Cell bodies in raphe nuclei or midline regions of pons + upper brain stem (correct)
  • Cell bodies in the cerebral cortex

    • Where do the descending pathways of serotonergic neurons innervate?

  • Substantia nigra
  • Spinal cord (correct)
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebellum

    • Which receptor subtype of serotonin is a ligand-gated ion channel?

  • 5-HT4
  • 5-HT6
  • 5-HT1A
  • 5-HT2 (correct)

    • What are the actions of serotonergic neurotransmission on CNS neurons?

    <p>Both inhibition and excitation depending on the receptor subtype present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for SSRIs?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of SSRIs?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter's reuptake is blocked by SSRIs?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is NOT a therapeutic use of SSRIs?

    <p>Bipolar disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with Citalopram overdose?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Serotonin Syndrome?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for its long half-life and minimal risk of causing discontinuation syndrome?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a reported use of SSRIs in children and teenagers?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is common with Paroxetine and Fluvoxamine?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

    <p>Block the reuptake of serotonin only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a therapeutic use of SSRIs?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of SSRIs?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by older typical antipsychotics?

    <p>Dopamine D2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature in disorders such as schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder?

    <p>Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by social withdrawal, apathy, and emotionless responses in schizophrenia?

    <p>Negative symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of newer atypical antipsychotics like risperidone and olanzapine?

    <p>Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis suggests that decreased dopaminergic activity in the hippocampus may contribute to negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia?

    <p>Extended hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the serotonin hypothesis suggest hallucinogenic drugs like LSD and mescaline cause hallucinations?

    <p>Through the stimulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of aripiprazole?

    <p>To treat schizophrenia and other psychoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pimavanserin indicated for?

    <p>Treatment of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Selegiline?

    <p>To treat CNS disorders including schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidepressants inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

    <p>Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidepressant is known for its weak dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, decreasing nicotine cravings and attenuating withdrawal symptoms?

    <p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characterized by abnormally elevated mood, increased activity, and decreased need for sleep?

    <p>Mania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to manage bipolar disorder with acute and prophylactic uses and undefined mechanisms of action?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug may decrease thyroid function when used as a mood-stabilizing agent?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of drugs is approved for bipolar depression?

    <p>Olanzapine and Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group might benefit from Mirtazapine when managing depression?

    <p>55-year-old teacher with improved symptoms but sexual dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should be avoided in a patient with angle-closure glaucoma?

    <p>Amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for enhancing serotonin and noradrenergic transmission, having antihistaminic activity, and being sedating?

    <p>Mirtazapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are blocked by tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Serotonergic, α-adrenergic, histaminic, and muscarinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most potent inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake among the examples of TCAs provided?

    <p>Desipramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with TCAs due to their anticholinergic action?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dietary restrictions are associated with MAOIs?

    <p>High tyramine diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antidepressant is specifically known for its inhibition of serotonin reuptake?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in overdose situations compared to TCAs and MAOIs?

    <p>Safer profile in overdose situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter transporters do SSRIs have greater selectivity for?

    <p>Serotonin transporter only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of accidental or deliberate overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is implicated in the control of mood, cognition, and memory?

    <p>5-HT1A receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 5-HT2A receptor?

    <p>Memory and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system of the brain is affected by blocking D2 receptors to reduce hallucinations and delusions?

    <p>Mesolimbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are considered as 'positive' symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations and delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antipsychotic drugs can reduce the 'negative' symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Second-generation agents (Clozapine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic drugs include?

    <p>Parkinson-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic effect assists in reducing the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

    <p>Anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotics are used as antiemetics due to their action on D2 receptors in the CTZ?

    <p>Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, Clozapine, and Olanzapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for most antipsychotic drugs?

    <p>p.o. or i.m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the clearance of antipsychotic drugs primarily achieved?

    <p>Hepatic transformation via oxidative and conjugative reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary precursor for serotonin synthesis?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction via serotonin?

    <p>5-HT2B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is serotonin released from the presynaptic neuron?

    <p>Ca2+-dependent vesicular release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is believed to be deficient in key brain areas of individuals with depression?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs are used to treat depression by potentiating the actions of norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain?

    <p>Antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidepressants inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic neurons?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is responsible for inhibition of neurotransmitter release?

    <p>5-HT1B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of serotonin in the GI tract?

    <p>Motility via 5-HT4 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) in treating depression?

    <p>Inhibition of serotonin breakdown by monoamine oxidase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main similarity between serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine?

    <p>The involvement in various neurological and psychiatric conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) on serotonin?

    <p>Increasing serotonin levels by blocking reuptake into presynaptic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Tricyclic antidepressants on neurotransmitter levels in the brain?

    <p>Increase both norepinephrine and serotonin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Serotonin has multiple roles in the body, including vasoconstriction via 5-HT2 receptors and vasodilation via activation of 5-HT2B receptors in the vascular endothelium.
    • In the GI tract, serotonin plays a role in motility via 5-HT4 receptors and vasodilation through vasorelaxant mediators released from the vascular endothelium due to activation of 5-HT2B.
    • Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in the presence of various enzymes such as tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.
    • Serotonin is stored in vesicles in the presynaptic neuron and released via Ca2+-dependent vesicular release.
    • Serotonin acts on both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, with some receptors leading to inhibition of neurotransmitter release (5-HT1B) and others leading to excitation (5-HT3).
    • Serotonin and other monoamines, including dopamine and norepinephrine, share similarities in their synthesis, action via G-protein coupled receptors, and involvement in various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
    • Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, low self-esteem, and other emotional and biological symptoms. It is believed that depression may be due to a deficiency of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in key brain areas.
    • The monoamine hypothesis, which suggests that depression is due to a deficiency in NE and 5-HT, is not a complete explanation for depression, as treatment with drugs that increase NE and 5-HT levels can take weeks to provide relief.
    • Antidepressant drugs, including Monoamine Receptor Antagonists, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), are used to treat depression by potentiating the actions of norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain.
    • Tricyclic antidepressants, a class of Monoamine Receptor Antagonists, inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic neurons and interact with other receptor types, leading to both therapeutic benefits and side effects.

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    Test your knowledge of antipsychotic medications and drugs acting in the central nervous system. Learn about their uses in treating psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, and other related disorders.

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