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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of dabigatran etexilate?
What is the mechanism of action of dabigatran etexilate?
What is the main use of aspirin as an antiplatelet drug?
What is the main use of aspirin as an antiplatelet drug?
Which adverse effect is specifically associated with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel and ticlopidine?
Which adverse effect is specifically associated with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel and ticlopidine?
Which condition is not a use for thrombolytics?
Which condition is not a use for thrombolytics?
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What is the major adverse effect of heparin sodium (unfractionated)?
What is the major adverse effect of heparin sodium (unfractionated)?
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Which drug is used for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?
Which drug is used for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?
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Which condition is a contraindication for the use of unfractionated heparin?
Which condition is a contraindication for the use of unfractionated heparin?
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When should thrombolytics be avoided?
When should thrombolytics be avoided?
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When transitioning from IV Heparin to PO Warfarin, for how many days should a patient receive both drugs?
When transitioning from IV Heparin to PO Warfarin, for how many days should a patient receive both drugs?
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What is the antidote for rivaroxaban and apixaban?
What is the antidote for rivaroxaban and apixaban?
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What is the main adverse effect associated with thrombolytics?
What is the main adverse effect associated with thrombolytics?
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When should lab draws be done for patients on continuous infusion of heparin sodium?
When should lab draws be done for patients on continuous infusion of heparin sodium?
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What is the antagonist (antidote) for warfarin?
What is the antagonist (antidote) for warfarin?
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Which clotting factors does warfarin inhibit the synthesis of?
Which clotting factors does warfarin inhibit the synthesis of?
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What is the lab value used to monitor warfarin therapy?
What is the lab value used to monitor warfarin therapy?
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What is the recommended duration for dual antiplatelet therapy with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel?
What is the recommended duration for dual antiplatelet therapy with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel?
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What is the urgent reversal agent for major or life-threatening hemorrhage in warfarin therapy?
What is the urgent reversal agent for major or life-threatening hemorrhage in warfarin therapy?
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What is the effect of high vitamin K intake on warfarin therapy, and what should patients be taught regarding this?
What is the effect of high vitamin K intake on warfarin therapy, and what should patients be taught regarding this?
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Study Notes
Dabigatran Etexilate
- Dabigatran etexilate is a direct thrombin inhibitor.
- It prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, thereby inhibiting clot formation.
Aspirin as an Antiplatelet Drug
- Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1), preventing the production of thromboxane A2, which is a potent platelet aggregator.
- This action reduces platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time.
Adverse Effect of ADP Receptor Blockers
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious adverse effect specifically associated with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel and ticlopidine.
Thrombolytics Contraindication
- Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with active internal bleeding, recent surgery, or a history of hemorrhagic stroke.
Heparin Sodium Adverse Effect
- The major adverse effect of heparin sodium is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a potentially life-threatening complication where antibodies against heparin activate platelets, leading to thrombosis.
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
- Warfarin is commonly used for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Contraindication for Unfractionated Heparin
- Active bleeding is a contraindication for the use of unfractionated heparin.
Thrombolytic Avoidance
- Thrombolytics should be avoided in cases of significant head trauma or recent intracranial hemorrhage.
Warfarin Transition from Heparin
- When transitioning from IV Heparin to PO Warfarin, a patient should receive both drugs for 5-7 days to ensure adequate anticoagulation during the transition.
Rivaroxaban and Apixaban Antidote
- The antidote for rivaroxaban and apixaban is Andexanet alfa, a recombinant factor Xa antagonist.
Thrombolytics Major Adverse Effect
- The major adverse effect associated with thrombolytics is bleeding.
Heparin Sodium Lab Draws
- Lab draws for patients on a continuous infusion of heparin sodium should be done at least twice daily to monitor the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and adjust the heparin dose to maintain the therapeutic range.
Warfarin Antagonist
- Vitamin K is the antagonist (antidote) for warfarin.
Warfarin Mechanism of Action
- Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) in the liver.
Warfarin Monitoring Lab Value
- International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the lab value used to monitor warfarin therapy.
ADP Receptor Blocker Duration
- The recommended duration for dual antiplatelet therapy with ADP receptor blockers like clopidogrel is typically 12 months following a coronary artery stent placement.
Warfarin Major Hemorrhage Reversal Agent
- Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are used for the urgent reversal of major or life-threatening hemorrhage in warfarin therapy.
Vitamin K Interaction with Warfarin
- High vitamin K intake can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin, requiring dose adjustments. Patients should be advised to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications of antiplatelet drugs. Explore prototypes like aspirin and learn about drug classes that help prevent conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.
