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Antiplatelet Drugs Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of thromboxane A2 inhibitors like aspirin?

Inhibition of COX 1/2 enzymes leading to decreased TxA2 production (correct)
Direct stimulation of vasopressin to enhance platelet function
Inhibition of fibrinogen binding to platelet receptors
Inhibition of platelet aggregation through ADP release

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors?

Elevated blood pressure
Headaches (correct)
Increased heart rate
Diarrhea

In which condition is the use of antiplatelets particularly indicated?

Acute stroke
Acute liver failure
Unstable angina (correct)
Severe dehydration

What is a contraindication for the use of antiplatelets in children?

<p>Ability to form platelet aggregates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in cAMP levels in relation to platelet function?

<p>Inhibits calcium release from vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aspirin Mechanism of Action

Aspirin inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, preventing the production of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2). This, in turn, reduces platelet aggregation by inhibiting fibrinogen binding, von Willebrand factor release, and calcium influx.

PDE-3 Inhibitor Mechanism

Dipyridamole and cilostazol inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3), preventing the breakdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP). This leads to increased cAMP levels, which ultimately inhibits platelet aggregation by reducing calcium influx.

Antiplatelet Side Effects

Common side effects of antiplatelet drugs include bleeding, headaches, and chest pain. These can occur due to the drugs' ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, making it harder for the body to form clots. Therefore, individuals taking antiplatelet medications should be monitored for any signs of bleeding.

Antiplatelet Indications

Antiplatelet drugs are primarily used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events, such as stroke, heart attack, and unstable angina. They also offer benefits in managing conditions like COPD and erectile dysfunction.

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Antiplatelet Contraindications

Antiplatelet drugs are contraindicated in patients with a history of bleeding, certain allergies, kidney disease, and in some cases, individuals with recent strokes or MI. The use of these medications requires careful consideration and monitoring.

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Study Notes

Antiplatelet Drugs

Thromboxane A2 Inhibitors (Aspirin): Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (COX 1/2), preventing thromboxane A2 production. This reduces fibrinogen adhesion, vWF, calcium, and ADP release, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Side Effects (Aspirin): Chest pain, bleeding
Indications (Aspirin): Pain, fever.
Contraindications (Aspirin): Allergies. Children may not bind with fibrinogen leading to issues with platelet plug formation
Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors (Dipyridamole, Cilostazol): Normally, phosphodiesterase 3 converts cyclic AMP (cAMP) to AMP. Inhibiting PDE-3 prevents this conversion, increasing cAMP levels, which decreases intracellular calcium and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Side Effects (Dipyridamole, Cilostazol): Bleeding, headaches.
Indications (Dipyridamole, Cilostazol): Antiplatelet therapy for conditions like COPD, erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Contraindications (Dipyridamole, Cilostazol): Myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, hypotension, stroke within the past three months, bleeding.
General Antiplatelet Indications: Unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
General Antiplatelet Contraindications: Bleeding, kidney disease, old age

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Description

This quiz covers key aspects of antiplatelet drugs, including thromboxane A2 inhibitors like aspirin and phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors such as dipyridamole and cilostazol. It addresses their mechanisms, indications, side effects, and contraindications. Test your knowledge of these important medications and their roles in managing cardiovascular conditions.