47 Questions
Which of the following classes of antibiotics contain a thiazolidine ring?
Penicillins
Which antibiotic is a part of the extended-spectrum Penicillins?
Ampicillin
What is the mode of action of β-lactam antibiotics?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Which antibiotic is commonly used in combination with sulbactam?
Piperacillin
Among the listed antibiotics, which one is NOT a β-lactam antibiotic?
Ceftriaxone
Which component in peptidoglycan do β-lactam antibiotics target?
N-acetylmuramic acid
What is the main function of PBP1 in bacterial cells?
Lysis
Which type of penicillin is known for its activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)?
Cloxacillin
Which generation of penicillins has basic gram-negative coverage?
3rd Generation
What is the main characteristic of extended-spectrum penicillins like Ampicillin and Amoxicillin?
Inactivation by β-lactamases
Which type of bacteria are anti-staphylococcal penicillins NOT active against?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is the common mechanism of resistance observed in N.gonorrhoeae against Penicillins?
Hydrolysis by β-lactamases
Which penicillin has an improved activity against Gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas?
Ticarcillin
What is the main mechanism by which extended-spectrum penicillins like ticarcillin and piperacillin are inactivated?
Hydrolysis by β-lactamases
Which drug competes for tubular secretion with penicillins, leading to decreased renal excretion?
Probenecid
What is the approximate percentage of the population that reports an allergy to penicillins?
~10%
Which type of antibiotics are cephalosporins and cephamycins in relation to penicillins?
Synthetic analogs
In terms of pharmacodynamics, which parameter refers to the time the drug concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
$T >$ MIC
Which drug uses a siderophore mechanism for unique entry compared to other β-lactams?
Cefiderocol
What is the primary advantage of Cefiderocol's entry mechanism compared to other β-lactams?
Active transport through iron transport system
Which bacteria show the highest MIC range for Cefiderocol among the listed pathogens?
MDR P. aeruginosa
Which pharmacodynamic parameter indicates the rate at which a drug kills bacteria and varies between different antibiotic classes?
Net bactericidal effect
What is the primary function of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) in bacterial cells?
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Which generation of cephalosporins includes Cefepime among its members?
4th Generation
What is the primary differentiating factor between Monobactams and other -lactam antibiotics?
Absence of a thiazolidine ring
Which antibiotic is known for its pronounced activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Ticarcillin
What is the primary characteristic of carbapenems compared to other -lactam antibiotics?
Resistance to -lactamase enzymes
Which structure plays a crucial role in the mode of action of -lactam antibiotics?
$\beta$-lactam bond
Among the listed combinations, which one pairs a cephalosporin with avibactam?
Ceftazidime/avibactam
Which fundamental component of peptidoglycan is targeted by -lactam antibiotics?
$\delta$-N-acetylmuramic acid
What is the primary mechanism by which extended-spectrum penicillins are enhanced to penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?
Inactivation by beta-lactamases
What is the primary reason for using cephalosporins and cephamycins as alternatives to penicillins?
Presence of two side chains instead of one
Which antibiotic class shows some cross-allergy ranging from 5-15% with penicillins?
Cephalosporins
What is a characteristic feature of carbapenems in terms of pharmacodynamics?
Time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) of 20%
Which aspect makes Cefiderocol unique compared to other beta-lactams regarding its entry mechanism?
Active transport through iron transport system
Which pharmacodynamic parameter indicates the rate at which a drug kills bacteria and varies significantly between different antibiotic classes?
(T>MIC) = 60-70%
What is the primary function of siderophores in bacterial cells when targeted by drugs like Cefiderocol?
Bind iron with high affinity to solubilize Fe3+ in the environment
Which penicillin is known for its specific activity against Streptococci and oral anaerobes?
Penicillin V
Which generation of penicillins has the highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
4th Generation Expanded-spectrum penicillins
Which antibiotic is NOT classified as a -lactam antibiotic?
Vancomycin
What is the main feature of Anti-staphylococcal penicillins like Methicillin and Nafcillin?
Effective against MRSA
Which type of penicillins are subject to hydrolysis by -lactamases in Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis?
1st Generation Penicillins
What is the unique feature of Aminopenicillins like Amoxicillin and Ampicillin?
High activity against gram-negative bacteria
Which antibiotic is considered an Ureidopenicillin and is particularly effective against Pseudomonas?
Piperacillin
In terms of anti-bacterial coverage, which type of bacteria show little sensitivity to extended-spectrum penicillins like Piperacillin?
Anaerobic bacteria
Which antibiotic is known for its resistance to -lactamases, rendering it effective against Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci?
Nafcillin
Which generation of penicillins has expanded gram-negative coverage but is inactivated by common -lactamases?
3rd Generation Extended-spectrum penicillins
Test your knowledge on the classes of β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and more. Explore the structures and generations of these antimicrobial agents in this quiz.
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