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Questions and Answers
What is the most common adverse effect associated with Raltegravir?
What is the most common adverse effect associated with Raltegravir?
Which drug is contraindicated in patients with Q148 mutation?
Which drug is contraindicated in patients with Q148 mutation?
What adverse effect is associated with Elvitegravir when administered with cobicistat or ritonavir?
What adverse effect is associated with Elvitegravir when administered with cobicistat or ritonavir?
Which drug is coformulated with emtricitabine and TAF?
Which drug is coformulated with emtricitabine and TAF?
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Which of the following is NOT a major group of drugs covered in the practical?
Which of the following is NOT a major group of drugs covered in the practical?
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What is the ultimate expression of parasitism by viruses?
What is the ultimate expression of parasitism by viruses?
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Why is designing anti-viral treatments challenging?
Why is designing anti-viral treatments challenging?
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Which of the following is an important strategy for inhibiting viruses?
Which of the following is an important strategy for inhibiting viruses?
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Which of the following is NOT an anti-herpes drug?
Which of the following is NOT an anti-herpes drug?
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What is the main challenge associated with viral infections?
What is the main challenge associated with viral infections?
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Which antimalarial is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria?
Which antimalarial is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria?
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What is the drug of choice for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale?
What is the drug of choice for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale?
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Which antimalarial drug is contraindicated in patients with psoriasis or porphyria?
Which antimalarial drug is contraindicated in patients with psoriasis or porphyria?
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Which antimalarial is known to interfere with the absorption of kaolin and calcium- and magnesium-containing antacids?
Which antimalarial is known to interfere with the absorption of kaolin and calcium- and magnesium-containing antacids?
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Which antimalarial is safe for use in pregnancy and for young children?
Which antimalarial is safe for use in pregnancy and for young children?
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Which antimalarial is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree?
Which antimalarial is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree?
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Which antimalarial is recommended for the elimination of P. vivax and P. ovale?
Which antimalarial is recommended for the elimination of P. vivax and P. ovale?
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Which antimalarial is gametocidal against P. vivax and P. ovale but not P. falciparum?
Which antimalarial is gametocidal against P. vivax and P. ovale but not P. falciparum?
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Which antimalarial has a mechanism of action that is unknown?
Which antimalarial has a mechanism of action that is unknown?
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Which antimalarial is known to be rapidly acting blood schizonticide against all human malaria parasites?
Which antimalarial is known to be rapidly acting blood schizonticide against all human malaria parasites?
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Which drug is the drug of choice for herpes labialis?
Which drug is the drug of choice for herpes labialis?
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What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?
What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?
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Which drug does not require phosphorylation for antiviral activity?
Which drug does not require phosphorylation for antiviral activity?
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Which medication is part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for HIV treatment?
Which medication is part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for HIV treatment?
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What is the primary target of direct-acting antiviral (DAV) agents for Hepatitis C?
What is the primary target of direct-acting antiviral (DAV) agents for Hepatitis C?
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Which enzyme is induced by Interferons and inhibits protein synthesis?
Which enzyme is induced by Interferons and inhibits protein synthesis?
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What is the clinical use of Acyclovir in first episodes of HSV?
What is the clinical use of Acyclovir in first episodes of HSV?
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What is the antiviral spectrum of Famciclovir?
What is the antiviral spectrum of Famciclovir?
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What is the mode of administration for Oseltamivir?
What is the mode of administration for Oseltamivir?
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What is the primary target of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)?
What is the primary target of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)?
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Which neuraminidase inhibitor has a half-life of 20 hours?
Which neuraminidase inhibitor has a half-life of 20 hours?
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Which drug is associated with a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dyspnea?
Which drug is associated with a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dyspnea?
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Which drug should be avoided in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive due to the risk of hypersensitivity reaction?
Which drug should be avoided in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive due to the risk of hypersensitivity reaction?
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Which drug is structurally similar to lamivudine and is active against the hepatitis B virus?
Which drug is structurally similar to lamivudine and is active against the hepatitis B virus?
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Which NNRTI drug can interact with other antiretroviral drugs and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease?
Which NNRTI drug can interact with other antiretroviral drugs and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease?
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Which protease inhibitor is given with low-dose ritonavir/cobicistat and should be avoided in severe liver disease?
Which protease inhibitor is given with low-dose ritonavir/cobicistat and should be avoided in severe liver disease?
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Which neuraminidase inhibitor is excreted unchanged in urine and requires dose adjustment in renal insufficiency?
Which neuraminidase inhibitor is excreted unchanged in urine and requires dose adjustment in renal insufficiency?
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Which NtRTI is associated with CV events and is contraindicated in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive?
Which NtRTI is associated with CV events and is contraindicated in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive?
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Which NNRTI drug has CNS/psychiatric effects, interacts with other antiretroviral drugs, and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease?
Which NNRTI drug has CNS/psychiatric effects, interacts with other antiretroviral drugs, and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease?
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Which protease inhibitor can increase the risk of kidney stones and has lower risk of hyperlipidemia compared to other protease inhibitors?
Which protease inhibitor can increase the risk of kidney stones and has lower risk of hyperlipidemia compared to other protease inhibitors?
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What is the mechanism of action of Azoles?
What is the mechanism of action of Azoles?
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Which drug is the only azole that can reach the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with good concentrations?
Which drug is the only azole that can reach the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with good concentrations?
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What is the drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis of the lung?
What is the drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis of the lung?
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Which antifungal drug has the broadest spectrum of activity?
Which antifungal drug has the broadest spectrum of activity?
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What is the mechanism of action of Flucytosine?
What is the mechanism of action of Flucytosine?
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Which antifungal drug binds to microtubules and prevents spindle formation and mitosis in fungi?
Which antifungal drug binds to microtubules and prevents spindle formation and mitosis in fungi?
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Which antifungal drug is too toxic for parenteral administration and is used only topically?
Which antifungal drug is too toxic for parenteral administration and is used only topically?
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What is the mechanism of action of Terbinafine?
What is the mechanism of action of Terbinafine?
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Which antimalarial drug is primarily classified as a tissue schizonticide?
Which antimalarial drug is primarily classified as a tissue schizonticide?
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What is the primary use of Chloroquine in treating malaria?
What is the primary use of Chloroquine in treating malaria?
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Which antimalarial drug reaches maximum plasma concentrations in about 3 hours?
Which antimalarial drug reaches maximum plasma concentrations in about 3 hours?
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What is the main mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?
What is the main mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?
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Study Notes
Antiviral Drugs
- The most common adverse effect associated with Raltegravir is muscle weakness.
- Elvitegravir, when administered with cobicistat or ritonavir, can cause creatine kinase elevation.
- Raltegravir is contraindicated in patients with Q148 mutation.
- Bictegravir is coformulated with emtricitabine and TAF.
Viral Infections
- The ultimate expression of parasitism by viruses is the production of new viral particles.
- Designing anti-viral treatments is challenging because viruses mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to drugs.
- Inhibiting viral replication is an important strategy for combating viral infections.
Antimalarial Drugs
- The main challenge associated with viral infections is the development of resistance to drugs.
- Artesunate is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
- Primaquine is the drug of choice for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.
- Quinine is contraindicated in patients with psoriasis or porphyria.
- Tafenoquine is known to interfere with the absorption of kaolin and calcium- and magnesium-containing antacids.
- Chloroquine is safe for use in pregnancy and for young children.
- Quinine is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.
- Primaquine is recommended for the elimination of P.vivax and P.ovale.
- Primaquine is gametocidal against P.vivax and P.ovale but not P.falciparum.
- The mechanism of action of Atovaquone is unknown.
- Artemisinin is a rapidly acting blood schizonticide against all human malaria parasites.
Anti-Herpes Drugs
- Acyclovir is the drug of choice for herpes labialis.
- The mechanism of action of Ribavirin is through the inhibition of viral RNA synthesis.
- Famciclovir has antiviral activity against HSV, VZV, and EBV.
- Oseltamivir is administered orally.
- The primary target of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) is the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Other Antiviral Drugs
- Interferons induce the enzyme PKR, which inhibits protein synthesis.
- HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) for HIV treatment includes a combination of antiretroviral drugs.
- The primary target of direct-acting antiviral (DAV) agents for Hepatitis C is the HCV protease or polymerase.
- Zanamivir has a half-life of 20 hours.
- Abacavir is associated with a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction characterized by fever, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dyspnea.
- Abacavir should be avoided in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive due to the risk of hypersensitivity reaction.
- Emtricitabine is structurally similar to lamivudine and is active against the hepatitis B virus.
- Efavirenz can interact with other antiretroviral drugs and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease.
- Darunavir is given with low-dose ritonavir/cobicistat and should be avoided in severe liver disease.
- Oseltamivir is excreted unchanged in urine and requires dose adjustment in renal insufficiency.
- Abacavir is associated with CV events and is contraindicated in patients who are HLAB*5701 positive.
- Efavirenz has CNS/psychiatric effects, interacts with other antiretroviral drugs, and should be avoided in long QT syndrome and liver disease.
- Atazanavir can increase the risk of kidney stones and has a lower risk of hyperlipidemia compared to other protease inhibitors.
Antifungal Drugs
- Azoles work by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which is involved in the synthesis of ergosterol.
- Voriconazole is the only azole that can reach the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with good concentrations.
- Voriconazole is the drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis of the lung.
- Amphotericin B has the broadest spectrum of activity against fungi.
- The mechanism of action of Flucytosine is through the inhibition of DNA synthesis.
- Griseofulvin binds to microtubules and prevents spindle formation and mitosis in fungi.
- Undecylenic acid is too toxic for parenteral administration and is used only topically.
- The mechanism of action of Terbinafine is through the inhibition of squalene epoxidase.
- Chloroquine is primarily classified as a tissue schizonticide.
- The primary use of Chloroquine in treating malaria is for the treatment of the liver stage of the parasite.
- Chloroquine reaches maximum plasma concentrations in about 3 hours.
- The main mechanism of action of Amphotericin B is through the formation of pores in the fungal cell membrane.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the drug of choice for non-falciparum and sensitive falciparum malaria treatment, its effects, contraindications, and chemoprophylaxis. Learn about the drug's limitations and the importance of adding primaquine for radical cure in certain species.
