Podcast
Questions and Answers
When starting a patient on lisinopril, what common adverse effect should the patient be educated to expect?
When starting a patient on lisinopril, what common adverse effect should the patient be educated to expect?
- Muscle weakness
- Constipation
- Tinnitus
- Dry, nonproductive cough (correct)
Which medication is typically recommended as first-line treatment for a newly diagnosed patient with stage 1 hypertension?
Which medication is typically recommended as first-line treatment for a newly diagnosed patient with stage 1 hypertension?
- Diltiazem
- Spironolactone
- HCTZ (correct)
- Hydralazine
A patient of which racial background is least likely to respond effectively to single-medication therapy with an ARB?
A patient of which racial background is least likely to respond effectively to single-medication therapy with an ARB?
- Asian
- Hispanic
- African American (correct)
- Caucasian
A patient presents to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 240/120 mmHg. The provider orders nitroprusside. How will this medication lower blood pressure?
A patient presents to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 240/120 mmHg. The provider orders nitroprusside. How will this medication lower blood pressure?
A patient has been receiving nitroprusside for 2 days. Which of the following adverse effects is the nurse's priority to monitor?
A patient has been receiving nitroprusside for 2 days. Which of the following adverse effects is the nurse's priority to monitor?
What side effect is most important to monitor when a patient is taking diltiazem?
What side effect is most important to monitor when a patient is taking diltiazem?
A 65-year-old Caucasian female has an average blood pressure of 148/86 mmHg. According to current guidelines, this is stage hypertension.
A 65-year-old Caucasian female has an average blood pressure of 148/86 mmHg. According to current guidelines, this is stage hypertension.
Which of the following medication classes are generally considered first-line options for treating hypertension?
Which of the following medication classes are generally considered first-line options for treating hypertension?
Which medication would be least appropriate for a patient with COPD because of its blocking effects on beta receptors?
Which medication would be least appropriate for a patient with COPD because of its blocking effects on beta receptors?
A patient prescribed losartan should be regularly monitored for which of the following potential complications?
A patient prescribed losartan should be regularly monitored for which of the following potential complications?
What two factors directly determine cardiac output (CO)?
What two factors directly determine cardiac output (CO)?
According to the formula $BP=CO \times PR$, what are the two main determinants of blood pressure?
According to the formula $BP=CO \times PR$, what are the two main determinants of blood pressure?
Which category of antihypertensive medications acts directly on the renal system to promote fluid excretion and lower blood volume?
Which category of antihypertensive medications acts directly on the renal system to promote fluid excretion and lower blood volume?
Which class of antihypertensive drugs inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II?
Which class of antihypertensive drugs inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II?
What is the mechanism of action of direct-acting vasodilators in reducing blood pressure?
What is the mechanism of action of direct-acting vasodilators in reducing blood pressure?
Which antihypertensive drug class is known to frequently cause reflex tachycardia as an adverse effect?
Which antihypertensive drug class is known to frequently cause reflex tachycardia as an adverse effect?
Which of the following drug classes primarily works by blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?
Which of the following drug classes primarily works by blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?
What potential adverse effect is associated with all antihypertensive medications?
What potential adverse effect is associated with all antihypertensive medications?
Which of the medication classes listed works by blocking the effects of Angiotensin II on its receptors?
Which of the medication classes listed works by blocking the effects of Angiotensin II on its receptors?
Why are beta-blockers sometimes avoided in patients with asthma or COPD?
Why are beta-blockers sometimes avoided in patients with asthma or COPD?
Flashcards
What is Cardiac Output (CO)?
What is Cardiac Output (CO)?
Cardiac Output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
What is stroke volume (SV)?
What is stroke volume (SV)?
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in each beat.
What is heart rate (HR)?
What is heart rate (HR)?
Heart rate is the number of times a heart beats per minute.
What is Blood Pressure (BP)?
What is Blood Pressure (BP)?
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What is Peripheral Resistance (PR)?
What is Peripheral Resistance (PR)?
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How do Beta Blockers work?
How do Beta Blockers work?
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How do ACE Inhibitors work?
How do ACE Inhibitors work?
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How do ARBs work?
How do ARBs work?
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How do Calcium Channel Blockers work?
How do Calcium Channel Blockers work?
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How do Diuretics work?
How do Diuretics work?
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What is a frequent adverse effect antihypertensives?
What is a frequent adverse effect antihypertensives?
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What is reflex tachycardia?
What is reflex tachycardia?
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What is a common side effect of lisinopril?
What is a common side effect of lisinopril?
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Which diuretic is a first line treatment for hypertension?
Which diuretic is a first line treatment for hypertension?
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When should propranolol be avoided?
When should propranolol be avoided?
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What to monitor with losartan?
What to monitor with losartan?
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Study Notes
- Cardiac Output (CO) is equal to Stroke Volume (SV) multiplied by Heart Rate (HR).
- Blood Pressure (BP) is equal to Cardiac Output (CO) multiplied by Peripheral Resistance (PR).
- Alpha-1 blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and Beta blockers are antihypertensive drug classes.
- Other antihypertensive drug classes include calcium channel blockers, clonidine, diuretics, and direct-acting vasodilators.
- All antihypertensives can cause adverse effects.
- Reflex tachycardia can be associated with certain antihypertensive classes.
Multiple Choice Questions
- When administering lisinopril, advise patients its common adverse effect of a dry, nonproductive cough.
- HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide) is indicated for initial treatment in a patient with newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertension.
- Single medication therapy with an ARB would be least effective in African American people.
- Nitroprusside lowers blood pressure by dilating venous and arterial vessels.
- A patient receiving nitroprusside for 2 days should be monitored for cyanide toxicity.
- A nurse would monitor for orthostatic hypotension in a person taking diltiazem.
- A 65-year-old Caucasian female with an average blood pressure of 148/86 mmHg has Stage 1 hypertension.
- Thiazide diuretics are considered first-line options for hypertension treatment.
- A patient with COPD should not use propranolol.
- A person taking losartan should be monitored for renal insufficiency.
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