Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a potential adverse effect of Triamterene?
What is a potential adverse effect of Triamterene?
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Hyperkalemia (correct)
- Hypoglycemia
Which of the following medications is the drug of choice for treating pregnant women with mild preeclampsia?
Which of the following medications is the drug of choice for treating pregnant women with mild preeclampsia?
- ARBs
- Beta blockers
- ACEI
- Labetalol and methyldopa (correct)
Why should beta blockers be used with caution in diabetic patients?
Why should beta blockers be used with caution in diabetic patients?
- They can increase heart rate
- They can cause hypoglycemia
- They can increase blood pressure
- They can suppress glycogenolysis and mask early signs of hypoglycemia (correct)
What is the preferred antihypertensive medication for African Americans?
What is the preferred antihypertensive medication for African Americans?
Which of the following medication combinations are recommended when blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled by a single drug?
Which of the following medication combinations are recommended when blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled by a single drug?
Which of the following medications are contraindicated in pregnancy?
Which of the following medications are contraindicated in pregnancy?
Which two medications are recommended for pregnant women with hypertension?
Which two medications are recommended for pregnant women with hypertension?
Why are ACEIs less effective in African Americans when used as monotherapy?
Why are ACEIs less effective in African Americans when used as monotherapy?
What is a contraindication for using Nifedipine?
What is a contraindication for using Nifedipine?
Why is Nifedipine preferred over Verapamil in certain patients?
Why is Nifedipine preferred over Verapamil in certain patients?
What is a common adverse effect of Nifedipine?
What is a common adverse effect of Nifedipine?
What is the therapeutic goal of Hydralazine?
What is the therapeutic goal of Hydralazine?
What is prescribed to counteract reflex tachycardia caused by Hydralazine?
What is prescribed to counteract reflex tachycardia caused by Hydralazine?
What is a potential interaction of Hydralazine with another medication?
What is a potential interaction of Hydralazine with another medication?
What is a potential adverse effect of Hydralazine?
What is a potential adverse effect of Hydralazine?
How long do symptoms of lupus-like syndrome caused by Hydralazine typically last?
How long do symptoms of lupus-like syndrome caused by Hydralazine typically last?
What is the primary mechanism of action of digoxin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of digoxin?
What is a potential interaction of digoxin?
What is a potential interaction of digoxin?
Which of the following medications is preferred for people with lung issues?
Which of the following medications is preferred for people with lung issues?
What is the first-line medication for someone with diabetes and/or kidney disease?
What is the first-line medication for someone with diabetes and/or kidney disease?
What is the preferred medication for African Americans?
What is the preferred medication for African Americans?
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in pregnancy?
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in pregnancy?
What is the antidote for digoxin?
What is the antidote for digoxin?
What is the preferred medication for patients with type 2 diabetes who also have cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk, kidney disease, or heart failure?
What is the preferred medication for patients with type 2 diabetes who also have cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk, kidney disease, or heart failure?
Flashcards
Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia
A condition marked by high blood pressure during pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy
The most common cause of death during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Hypertension in Pregnancy
Hypertension in Pregnancy
Labetalol and methyldopa are the preferred drugs for treating mild preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Hypertension in Diabetics
Hypertension in Diabetics
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Hypertension in Diabetics - Beta Blocker Caution
Hypertension in Diabetics - Beta Blocker Caution
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Hypertension in African Americans
Hypertension in African Americans
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Less Effective Hypertension Treatments in African Americans
Less Effective Hypertension Treatments in African Americans
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ACEI use in Specific African American Patients
ACEI use in Specific African American Patients
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Combination Therapy for Hypertension
Combination Therapy for Hypertension
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Contraindications in Pregnancy
Contraindications in Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Safe Hypertension Treatments
Pregnancy Safe Hypertension Treatments
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Digoxin Mechanism of Action
Digoxin Mechanism of Action
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Digoxin Uses
Digoxin Uses
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Digoxin Interaction with Hypokalemia
Digoxin Interaction with Hypokalemia
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Digoxin Monitoring
Digoxin Monitoring
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Digoxin Patient Teaching
Digoxin Patient Teaching
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Digoxin Antidote
Digoxin Antidote
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Metoprolol Properties
Metoprolol Properties
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Metoprolol Preference in Lung Issues
Metoprolol Preference in Lung Issues
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Medication Preference in Diabetic Hypertension
Medication Preference in Diabetic Hypertension
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Medication Preference in African Americans
Medication Preference in African Americans
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First-Line Medication for Diabetes
First-Line Medication for Diabetes
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Nifedipine Contraindications
Nifedipine Contraindications
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Nifedipine Preference in Specific Heart Conditions
Nifedipine Preference in Specific Heart Conditions
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Hydralazine Mechanism of Action
Hydralazine Mechanism of Action
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Therapeutic Goal of Hydralazine
Therapeutic Goal of Hydralazine
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Hydralazine Adverse Effects
Hydralazine Adverse Effects
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Study Notes
Adverse Effects of Triamterene (Dyrenium)
- Hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, dizziness
Hypertension in Pregnancy
- Labetalol and methyldopa are the drugs of choice for treating pregnant women with mild preeclampsia
Hypertension in Diabetics
- ACEI, ARBs, and diuretics in low doses are the preferred antihypertensive drugs
- Beta blockers should be used with caution as they can suppress glycogenolysis and mask early signs of hypoglycemia
Hypertension in African Americans
- Diuretics are the first choice of drugs for treating hypertension in the African American population
- Monotherapy with beta blockers and ACEIs is less effective in African Americans compared to Caucasians
- ACEIs should be used in African American patients with type 1 diabetes and proteinuria, or with hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Combination Therapy for Hypertension
- ACEI plus a thiazide diuretic, an ACEI plus a CCB, or a beta blocker plus a thiazide are recommended combinations when blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled by a single drug
Contraindications in Pregnancy
- ACEIs, ARBs, and DRI's are counteracted in pregnancy
- Methyldopa and labetalol are recommended for pregnant women
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- MOA: increases myocardial contractility, alters electrical activity of the heart
- Use: treats dysrhythmia (A-fib or flutter) or CHF
- Interactions: hypokalemia and increased risk of dysrhythmia
- Monitoring: digoxin levels, apical pulse, and assess for decreased S/S of CHF
- Teaching: how to monitor HR, hold if below 50, signs of toxicity (altered heart rate or rhythm, visual or gastrointestinal disturbances)
- Antidote: Digibind
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- Selective B-Adrenergic Blocker (B1)
- Preferred for people with lung issues because it only affects the heart, not the lungs
- Treats: angina, HF, HTN, and MI
Medication Preferences
- ACEI (Lisinopril) or ARB (losartan) are preferred for diabetic patients with high blood pressure
- Metoprolol is preferred for African Americans
- Metformin is the first medication to choose when treating patients with diabetes
Nifedipine (CCB)
- Contraindications: IR dose is associated with increased mortality in MI and unstable angina
- Preferred over verapamil for patients with AV block, heart failure, bradycardia, or sick sinus syndrome
- Adverse effects: flushing, dizziness, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia, chronic eczematous rash
- Patient education and monitoring: monitor BP and angina record, teach patients to keep an angina record and monitor their blood pressure and AE
Hydralazine
- MOA: vasodilator, dilates arterioles and peripheral resistance, and arterial blood pressure falls
- Therapeutic goal: to reduce BP and reduce afterload in a short time in CHF
- Interactions and adverse effects: caution with use in other hypotensive drugs, postural hypotension, reflex tachy, myocardial contractility, NA and water retention, and lupus-like syndrome
- If tachycardia reflex is severe, prescribe beta blocker to counteract it
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Description
This quiz covers the use of antihypertensive medications in specific populations, including individuals with triamterene side effects, pregnant women, and diabetics.
