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Which of the following is NOT a major category of lipoproteins?
Which of the following is NOT a major category of lipoproteins?
What does the following statement mean: “HDL (H for healthy) removes cholesterol from blood” ?
What does the following statement mean: “HDL (H for healthy) removes cholesterol from blood” ?
What does the following statement mean: “LDL (L for lethal) Contains higher percent of cholesterol”?
What does the following statement mean: “LDL (L for lethal) Contains higher percent of cholesterol”?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about chylomicrons?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about chylomicrons?
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Which of the following is NOT a nonpharmacologic method for cholesterol reduction?
Which of the following is NOT a nonpharmacologic method for cholesterol reduction?
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What does the term "antilipidemic" refer to?
What does the term "antilipidemic" refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of antilipidemic drug?
Which of the following is NOT a type of antilipidemic drug?
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Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are used to lower cholesterol levels.
Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are used to lower cholesterol levels.
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What is the primary action of statins on the body?
What is the primary action of statins on the body?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of statins?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of statins?
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Abrupt discontinuation of statins can lead to a rebound effect, potentially increasing cholesterol levels.
Abrupt discontinuation of statins can lead to a rebound effect, potentially increasing cholesterol levels.
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What is a contraindication for the use of statins?
What is a contraindication for the use of statins?
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Which of the following is a common interaction with statins?
Which of the following is a common interaction with statins?
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What is the primary purpose of assessment when a patient is being prescribed statins?
What is the primary purpose of assessment when a patient is being prescribed statins?
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What is a key nursing intervention in the management of patients taking statins?
What is a key nursing intervention in the management of patients taking statins?
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Patients taking statins should be advised that it may take several weeks or months for blood lipid levels to decrease.
Patients taking statins should be advised that it may take several weeks or months for blood lipid levels to decrease.
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Patients taking statins should stop abruptly if they experience muscle pain.
Patients taking statins should stop abruptly if they experience muscle pain.
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Which of the following is a major cause of peripheral vascular disease?
Which of the following is a major cause of peripheral vascular disease?
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What are the characteristic signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease?
What are the characteristic signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease?
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Peripheral vasodilators, such as cilostazol, help increase blood flow in the extremities, alleviating symptoms of peripheral vascular disease.
Peripheral vasodilators, such as cilostazol, help increase blood flow in the extremities, alleviating symptoms of peripheral vascular disease.
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What is the primary action of cilostazol?
What is the primary action of cilostazol?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of cilostazol?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of cilostazol?
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What is a contraindication for cilostazol?
What is a contraindication for cilostazol?
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Which of the following medications is an antiplatelet drug used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease?
Which of the following medications is an antiplatelet drug used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease?
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Cilostazol is known to interact with grapefruit juice.
Cilostazol is known to interact with grapefruit juice.
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When assessing a patient on cilostazol, what is a crucial thing to monitor?
When assessing a patient on cilostazol, what is a crucial thing to monitor?
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What is a critical nursing intervention when teaching a patient on cilostazol?
What is a critical nursing intervention when teaching a patient on cilostazol?
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Which herb is commonly associated with the treatment of intermittent claudication?
Which herb is commonly associated with the treatment of intermittent claudication?
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Ginkgo biloba, despite its use for intermittent claudication, is not approved by the FDA.
Ginkgo biloba, despite its use for intermittent claudication, is not approved by the FDA.
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What is the normal range for total cholesterol?
What is the normal range for total cholesterol?
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What is the normal range for LDL cholesterol?
What is the normal range for LDL cholesterol?
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What is the normal range for HDL cholesterol?
What is the normal range for HDL cholesterol?
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A client's serum lipids show cholesterol of 197 mg/dL, LDL of 110 mg/dL, and HDL of 35 mg/dL. What is the nurse's interpretation?
A client's serum lipids show cholesterol of 197 mg/dL, LDL of 110 mg/dL, and HDL of 35 mg/dL. What is the nurse's interpretation?
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Study Notes
Antihyperlipidemic & Vasodilators
-
Lipoproteins Review:
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is healthy; it removes cholesterol from the blood and transports it to the liver for elimination.
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is lethal; it contains a high percentage of cholesterol.
- Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contains mostly triglycerides and less cholesterol.
- Chylomicrons contain mostly triglycerides and transport fatty acids and cholesterol to the liver.
Nonpharmacologic Methods for Cholesterol Reduction
- Reduce saturated fats and cholesterol in the diet.
- Reduce total fat intake to 30% or less of caloric intake.
- Reduce cholesterol intake to 300 mg/day or less.
- Exercise.
- Stop smoking.
Types of Antilipidemics
- Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors): Inhibit the enzyme HMG CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis. Decreases LDLs and increases HDLs.
- Bile-acid sequestrants
- Fibrates (fibric acid)
- Nicotinic acid
- Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
- Uses: Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol).
- Action: Inhibit the enzyme HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis. Decreases LDLs, increases HDLs.
-
Side Effects:
- Rare to have side effects; includes GI issues, headache, photosensitivity, cataracts, liver impairment, hyperglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle disorder).
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Contraindications:
- Active liver disease
- Pregnancy
-
Caution:
- History of liver disease
- Alcohol use
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Interactions:
- Antacids
Nursing Process: Statins
-
Assessment:
- Assess vital signs and baseline serum cholesterol levels.
- Assess liver function.
- Obtain a medical/medication history.
- Pregnancy test.
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Nursing Interventions/Teaching:
- Monitor the client's blood lipid levels and liver function.
- Observe for signs/symptoms of GI upset.
- Report unexplained muscle tenderness, weakness, fever, and malaise.
- Inform the client that it may take several weeks or months for blood lipid levels to decline, and the importance of medication compliance.
- Advise the client to take the medication at bedtime.
- Advise the client on a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet.
- Instruct the client to have annual eye examinations and report changes in visual acuity.
- Do not stop the medication abruptly.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Causes: Arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia.
- Signs/Symptoms: Numbness, coolness, and pain in extremities; claudication, leg ulcers.
- Treatment: Peripheral vasodilators like cilostazol to increase blood flow.
Drugs to Improve Peripheral Blood Flow - Cilostazol
- Action: Causes peripheral vasodilation; inhibits platelet aggregation (weakly).
- Use: Intermittent claudication and other peripheral vascular diseases.
- Side effects: Dizziness, headache, GI distress, peripheral edema, tachycardia, palpitations, possible bleeding, and orthostatic hypotension.
- Contraindications: Severe heart failure, bleeding disorders, and liver/renal disease (use with caution).
- Interactions: Other drugs that cause vasodilation or bleeding, grapefruit juice.
-
Nursing Process:
- Assessment: Obtain baseline vital signs, assess for signs of inadequate blood flow to extremities, and obtain medication/medical history.
-
Nursing Interventions:
- Monitor vital signs (especially blood pressure and heart rate).
- Inform clients that a desired therapeutic response may take 1.5-3 months.
- Advise clients not to smoke or ingest alcohol.
- Encourage clients to change positions slowly.
- Take with food, not with grapefruit juice.
Practice Questions
- Practice Question #1: A client's serum lipids (cholesterol, LDL, HDL) are slightly outside the desirable range.
- Practice Question #2: Rhabdomyolysis is a serious adverse reaction to atorvastatin calcium.
- Practice Question #3: Cilostazol is an antiplatelet drug for peripheral vascular disease.
- Practice Question #4: Ginkgo biloba is a commonly used herb for intermittent claudication, though it's not FDA-approved.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to antihyperlipidemic drugs and their functions. It includes information about lipoproteins, nonpharmacologic methods for cholesterol reduction, and various types of antilipidemics such as statins and fibrates. Test your knowledge on managing cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health.
