77 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs in reducing inflammation and pain?
Inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal bleeding
What is the primary difference between COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes?
COX-1 is constitutively expressed, while COX-2 is induced during inflammation
Which of the following medications is associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects?
Acetaminophen
What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen in reducing pain and fever?
Inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the brain
Which of the following is a potential complication of acetaminophen toxicity?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the primary mechanism of action of aspirin and ibuprofen in relieving pain and inflammation?
Inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in both central and peripheral nervous systems
What is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of aspirin in children?
Reye's syndrome
What is the primary toxicity associated with acetaminophen overdose?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the therapeutic use of aspirin that is related to its anti-platelet effects?
Decreasing platelet aggregation to protect against MI and stroke
Why is ibuprofen considered more similar to aspirin than acetaminophen?
Both have anti-inflammatory effects
What is the advantage of acetaminophen over aspirin and ibuprofen in terms of adverse effects?
It has a lower risk of nausea and vomiting
What is the mechanism of action of first generation NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen?
Inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2
Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with long-term use of high doses of acetaminophen?
Hepatotoxicity and renal failure
What is the primary advantage of second generation NSAIDs, such as celecoxib, over first generation NSAIDs?
Fewer adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract
Which of the following NSAIDs is an injectable drug often used for pain relief?
Ketorolac
What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
What is the primary function of histamine in the gastrointestinal tract?
Stimulating stomach acid
What is the effect of histamine 1 stimulation on blood vessels?
Vasodilation and increased permeability
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines?
Blocking histamine receptors
What is the effect of diphenhydramine on the CNS at therapeutic doses?
Depression
What is the primary difference between the effects of histamine on the lungs and skin?
Bronchoconstriction occurs in the lungs, but not in the skin
What is the effect of severe histamine 1 stimulation?
Anaphylactic shock
What is the purpose of immunization?
To induce antibody formation to provide protection from a specific disease
What is the difference between a vaccine and a toxoid?
A vaccine induces antibody formation, while a toxoid stimulates the body to form an antibody against a toxin
What is the purpose of immunosuppressants?
To inhibit immune response to prevent organ rejection and treat autoimmune diseases
What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporin?
It binds with calcineurin to suppress the production of Interleukin-2
What is PEDIARIX?
A combination vaccine that provides protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and poliovirus
What is the risk associated with the use of immunosuppressants?
Increased risk of infection and neoplasm
Which of the following is not a characteristic of second-generation NSAIDs?
They are more likely to cause gastrointestinal adverse effects
What is the primary difference between propionic acid derivatives and salicylates?
Their side effect profile
Which of the following is not a characteristic of acetaminophen?
It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
What is the primary advantage of using naproxen over aspirin?
It has a longer duration of action
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of ketorolac?
Dry mouth
What is the primary difference between the first and second generation NSAIDs?
Their selectivity for COX-1 and COX-2
What is the primary effect of histamine-2 antagonists on the body?
They block the action of histamine on the stomach
What is the primary mechanism of action of COX inhibitors in relieving pain and inflammation?
They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins
What is the primary advantage of third-generation H1 receptor antagonists over first-generation H1 receptor antagonists?
They have less drowsiness and sedation
What is the primary effect of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in the kidney?
They maintain renal blood flow
What is the primary effect of histamine-1 receptor antagonists on the body?
They block the action of histamine on blood vessels and smooth muscle
What is the primary effect of COX inhibitors on platelet function?
They inhibit platelet aggregation
What is the primary advantage of acetaminophen over aspirin and ibuprofen in terms of adverse effects?
It has a lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects
What is the primary therapeutic use of aspirin that is related to its anti-platelet effects?
Decreasing platelet aggregation to protect against MI and stroke
Which of the following is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of aspirin in children?
Reye’s syndrome
What is the primary mechanism of action of ibuprofen in relieving pain and inflammation?
Inhibiting prostaglandins in both central and peripheral nervous systems
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of aspirin?
Allergic to sulfonamides
What is the primary toxicity associated with acetaminophen overdose?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Which of the following is a potential complication of acetaminophen toxicity?
Renal failure
What is the primary therapeutic advantage of COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, over traditional NSAIDs?
Reduced risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects
Which of the following NSAIDs is associated with a higher risk of nephrotoxicity?
Ketorolac
What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen in reducing pain and fever?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system
Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with long-term use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen?
Gingival hyperplasia
Which of the following effects of COX inhibitors is responsible for their anti-inflammatory properties?
Prevention of prostaglandin synthesis
What is the primary mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity?
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species
Which of the following NSAIDs is most likely to cause GI bleeding?
Aspirin
What is the primary advantage of COX-2 selective inhibitors over non-selective COX inhibitors?
Reduced risk of GI bleeding
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of long-term use of high doses of NSAIDs?
Renal impairment
What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for COX-2 selective inhibitors?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
What is the primary mechanism of action of acetaminophen in reducing pain and fever?
Decreasing prostaglandins in the CNS to reduce fever and pain
What is the primary advantage of using acetaminophen over aspirin and ibuprofen?
Fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects
What is the primary toxicity associated with acetaminophen overdose?
Hepatotoxicity
Which of the following NSAIDs is most similar to aspirin in terms of its mechanism of action?
Ibuprofen
What is the primary effect of COX-2 inhibition on inflammation?
Reducing inflammation in the peripheral tissues
Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with long-term use of high doses of NSAIDs?
Gastrointestinal bleeding
What is the primary effect of histamine 1 stimulation on the vasculature?
Increased permeability
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of high doses of acetaminophen?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the primary mechanism of action of COX-2 inhibitors in relieving pain and inflammation?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Which of the following NSAIDs is associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects?
Celecoxib
What is the effect of diphenhydramine on the CNS at therapeutic doses?
Depression
What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
What is the primary mechanism by which cyclosporin inhibits the immune response?
Binds to calcineurin, suppressing the production of Interleukin-2
What is the primary advantage of using COX-2 inhibitors over traditional NSAIDs?
They have a lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects
What is the primary mechanism of pain relief for acetaminophen?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the brain
What is the primary toxicity associated with acetaminophen overdose?
Liver failure
What is the primary effect of NSAIDs on platelet function?
Inhibition of platelet aggregation
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in relieving allergic reactions?
Inhibition of histamine receptors
Test your knowledge of antihistamines, including their uses, adverse effects, and different generations. Learn about their applications in treating allergic reactions, motion sickness, and more, as well as their potential side effects on the central nervous system. Identify the differences between first, second, and third generation H1 receptor antagonists.
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