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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of immunogenicity?
What is the definition of immunogenicity?
- The ability to induce a humoral and/or cell mediated immune response (correct)
- The substance that can be recognized by immunoglobulin receptor of B cells
- The substance that induces a specific immune response
- The ability to combine specifically with antibodies and/or cell-surface receptors
What are haptens?
What are haptens?
- Antigenic but incapable of inducing a specific immune response (correct)
- Substances recognized by immunoglobulin receptor of B cells
- Substances that induce a specific immune response
- Substances that combine specifically with antibodies and/or cell-surface receptors
What is the difference between an immunogen and an antigen?
What is the difference between an immunogen and an antigen?
- An antigen induces a humoral and/or cell mediated immune response, while an immunogen does not
- An immunogen can induce a specific immune response, while an antigen may not induce a specific immune response (correct)
- There is no difference, they are synonymous
- An immunogen lacks antigenicity, while an antigen has high immunogenicity
Antigens can only be recognized by the immunoglobulin receptor of B cells
Antigens can only be recognized by the immunoglobulin receptor of B cells
Immunogenicity refers to the ability to induce a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response
Immunogenicity refers to the ability to induce a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response
Haptens are capable of inducing a specific immune response by themselves
Haptens are capable of inducing a specific immune response by themselves
Qual es le propertate de un immunogen que contribue al immunogenicitate?
Qual es le propertate de un immunogen que contribue al immunogenicitate?
Qual es un del factores importante in le immunogenicitate de un immunogen?
Qual es un del factores importante in le immunogenicitate de un immunogen?
Qual es un del aspectos que determina le capacitate de un immunogen a esser processate e presentate sur MHC?
Qual es un del aspectos que determina le capacitate de un immunogen a esser processate e presentate sur MHC?
What type of macromolecules are generally recognized by the immune system as immunogens?
What type of macromolecules are generally recognized by the immune system as immunogens?
What is the correlation between molecular size and immunogenicity?
What is the correlation between molecular size and immunogenicity?
What is the general effect of substances with a molecular mass less than 5000–10,000 Da on immunogenicity?
What is the general effect of substances with a molecular mass less than 5000–10,000 Da on immunogenicity?
Proteins are the most potent immunogens, with polysaccharides being less potent.
Proteins are the most potent immunogens, with polysaccharides being less potent.
There is a correlation between the size of a macromolecule and its immunogenicity.
There is a correlation between the size of a macromolecule and its immunogenicity.
Substances with a molecular mass less than 5000–10,000 Da are potent immunogens.
Substances with a molecular mass less than 5000–10,000 Da are potent immunogens.
What determines the immunogenicity of a molecule?
What determines the immunogenicity of a molecule?
Why is bovine serum albumin (BSA) strongly immunogenic when injected in rabbits?
Why is bovine serum albumin (BSA) strongly immunogenic when injected in rabbits?
What is an exception to the rule that molecules from the same species are not immunogenic in that species?
What is an exception to the rule that molecules from the same species are not immunogenic in that species?
Greater phylogenetic distance between species results in greater structural differences and immunogenicity
Greater phylogenetic distance between species results in greater structural differences and immunogenicity
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is immunogenic in cows
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is immunogenic in cows
Collagen is highly conserved through species, therefore displays little immunogenicity across diverse species lines
Collagen is highly conserved through species, therefore displays little immunogenicity across diverse species lines
Homopolymers are non-immunogenic, while copolymers are usually more immunogenic
Homopolymers are non-immunogenic, while copolymers are usually more immunogenic
The structural complexity of proteins, from primary to quaternary, affects immunogenicity
The structural complexity of proteins, from primary to quaternary, affects immunogenicity
Lipids are haptens and need to be conjugated with a carrier to produce antibodies
Lipids are haptens and need to be conjugated with a carrier to produce antibodies
Which type of polymers are usually more immunogenic?
Which type of polymers are usually more immunogenic?
What is the general effect of lipids on immunogenicity?
What is the general effect of lipids on immunogenicity?
How does the structural complexity of proteins affect immunogenicity?
How does the structural complexity of proteins affect immunogenicity?
What is the reason why large, insoluble macromolecules are generally more immunogenic than small soluble ones?
What is the reason why large, insoluble macromolecules are generally more immunogenic than small soluble ones?
What is necessary for an antigen to induce humoral and cellular responses?
What is necessary for an antigen to induce humoral and cellular responses?
Why are antigens presented to T cells through antigen presenting cells with processed antigen and MHC molecules?
Why are antigens presented to T cells through antigen presenting cells with processed antigen and MHC molecules?
Which of the following properties of the biological system contributes to the immunogenicity of a macromolecule?
Which of the following properties of the biological system contributes to the immunogenicity of a macromolecule?
What are the properties of the biological system that influence the ability of an antigen to induce an immune response?
What are the properties of the biological system that influence the ability of an antigen to induce an immune response?
What can enhance the immunogenicity of a macromolecule?
What can enhance the immunogenicity of a macromolecule?
What does the genotype of the recipient primarily affect in the immune response?
What does the genotype of the recipient primarily affect in the immune response?
What is the effect of an insufficient dose of immunogen?
What is the effect of an insufficient dose of immunogen?
What are the properties of the biological system that influence the ability of an antigen to induce an immune response?
What are the properties of the biological system that influence the ability of an antigen to induce an immune response?
What determines the general ability of a macromolecule to induce an immune response?
What determines the general ability of a macromolecule to induce an immune response?
Genotype of the recipient affects the type and degree of immune response produced.
Genotype of the recipient affects the type and degree of immune response produced.
Experimentally, there is a particular dose-response curve for each experimental immunogen with different routes of administration.
Experimentally, there is a particular dose-response curve for each experimental immunogen with different routes of administration.
Host genetic make-up largely affects the processing of antigens to be presented to T cells.
Host genetic make-up largely affects the processing of antigens to be presented to T cells.
The use of adjuvants can decrease the immunogenicity of a macromolecule.
The use of adjuvants can decrease the immunogenicity of a macromolecule.
Which route of immunization carries antigen first to the local lymph nodes?
Which route of immunization carries antigen first to the local lymph nodes?
What is the consequence of an excessive high dose or too low dose of immunization?
What is the consequence of an excessive high dose or too low dose of immunization?
Why is a single dose of immunization often not enough?
Why is a single dose of immunization often not enough?
Is a single dose of immunization often enough to induce an immune response?
Is a single dose of immunization often enough to induce an immune response?
Does the route of immunization strongly influence which immune organs and cell populations will be involved in the response?
Does the route of immunization strongly influence which immune organs and cell populations will be involved in the response?
Is antigen administered intravenously carried first to the spleen?
Is antigen administered intravenously carried first to the spleen?
What is the role of adjuvants in immunization?
What is the role of adjuvants in immunization?
What is the effect of an excessive high dose or too low dose of immunization?
What is the effect of an excessive high dose or too low dose of immunization?
Why are boosters often needed in immunization?
Why are boosters often needed in immunization?
Adjuvants are substances that, when mixed with an antigen and injected with it, enhance the immunogenicity of that antigen.
Adjuvants are substances that, when mixed with an antigen and injected with it, enhance the immunogenicity of that antigen.
A single dose of immunization is often enough to induce a strong immune response
A single dose of immunization is often enough to induce a strong immune response
Route of immunization Intravenous (iv) means injecting into the vein
Route of immunization Intravenous (iv) means injecting into the vein
Epitopes are the entire antigen recognized by lymphocytes.
Epitopes are the entire antigen recognized by lymphocytes.
B cells recognize epitopes in a different pattern than T cells.
B cells recognize epitopes in a different pattern than T cells.
Most T cells recognize only peptides combined with MHC molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.
Most T cells recognize only peptides combined with MHC molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.
What are epitopes?
What are epitopes?
How do B cells recognize epitopes?
How do B cells recognize epitopes?
What do T cells recognize in terms of epitopes?
What do T cells recognize in terms of epitopes?
What determines the ability of a molecule to function as a B-cell epitope?
What determines the ability of a molecule to function as a B-cell epitope?
What type of bonds do antibodies use to bind to epitopes?
What type of bonds do antibodies use to bind to epitopes?
What size of ligands can bind within a deep pocket of an antibody?
What size of ligands can bind within a deep pocket of an antibody?
What type of groove does angiotensin II bind within?
What type of groove does angiotensin II bind within?
How many amino acid residues of the octapeptide are in van der Waals contact with the antibody's groove?
How many amino acid residues of the octapeptide are in van der Waals contact with the antibody's groove?
What is the size of the groove where angiotensin II binds?
What is the size of the groove where angiotensin II binds?
How do larger areas of protein antigens interact with the antibody binding site?
How do larger areas of protein antigens interact with the antibody binding site?
What types of amino acids can B-cell epitopes contain?
What types of amino acids can B-cell epitopes contain?
How does a small peptide such as angiotensin II interact with the antibody binding site?
How does a small peptide such as angiotensin II interact with the antibody binding site?
Antibodies engage larger areas of protein antigens compared to small peptide antigens: True or false?
Antibodies engage larger areas of protein antigens compared to small peptide antigens: True or false?
B-cell epitopes can contain either sequential (linear) or nonsequential (conformational) amino acids: True or false?
B-cell epitopes can contain either sequential (linear) or nonsequential (conformational) amino acids: True or false?
Small peptides like angiotensin II can fold into a compact structure that fits into a pocket or cleft of the antibody binding site: True or false?
Small peptides like angiotensin II can fold into a compact structure that fits into a pocket or cleft of the antibody binding site: True or false?
What do T cells recognize in antigens?
What do T cells recognize in antigens?
What are the distinct regions antigens should have for T cell recognition?
What are the distinct regions antigens should have for T cell recognition?
What is the role of MHC molecules in T cell recognition?
What is the role of MHC molecules in T cell recognition?
Antigens should have 2 distinct regions: an epitope to bind T cells and an agretope to interact with MHC molecule:
Antigens should have 2 distinct regions: an epitope to bind T cells and an agretope to interact with MHC molecule:
T cells recognize soluble native antigen rather than antigen that has been processed into antigenic peptides
T cells recognize soluble native antigen rather than antigen that has been processed into antigenic peptides
T cells recognize antigenic peptides presented in combination with MHC molecules
T cells recognize antigenic peptides presented in combination with MHC molecules
Antigen presenting cells have fine specificity like antibodies. They can selectively bind to a variety of different peptides.
Antigen presenting cells have fine specificity like antibodies. They can selectively bind to a variety of different peptides.
T cells recognize epitopes that are often internal within antigens.
T cells recognize epitopes that are often internal within antigens.
The binding of an antigen presenting cell to antigens has fine specificity like antibodies.
The binding of an antigen presenting cell to antigens has fine specificity like antibodies.
What is necessary for a hapten to induce an immune response?
What is necessary for a hapten to induce an immune response?
Which of the following substances can function as haptens?
Which of the following substances can function as haptens?
What can result from the reaction of penicillin, aspirin, or sulfa drugs with proteins?
What can result from the reaction of penicillin, aspirin, or sulfa drugs with proteins?
What types of antigenic determinants are produced by the hapten-carrier conjugate?
What types of antigenic determinants are produced by the hapten-carrier conjugate?
What can be induced when a hapten is coupled to a carrier protein?
What can be induced when a hapten is coupled to a carrier protein?
Which immune responses can be induced by the hapten-carrier conjugate?
Which immune responses can be induced by the hapten-carrier conjugate?
Study Notes
Immunogenicity
- Immunogenicity refers to the ability to induce a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response.
- Immunogenicity is determined by the structural complexity of proteins, from primary to quaternary structure.
Immunogens and Antigens
- An immunogen is a molecule that can induce a specific immune response.
- An antigen is a molecule that can be recognized by the immune system.
- Antigens can only be recognized by the immunoglobulin receptor of B cells.
Haptens
- Haptens are molecules that can induce a specific immune response by themselves.
- Haptens need to be conjugated with a carrier protein to produce antibodies.
- Examples of haptens include lipids, penicillin, aspirin, and sulfa drugs.
Macromolecules and Immunogenicity
- Proteins are the most potent immunogens, with polysaccharides being less potent.
- There is a correlation between the size of a macromolecule and its immunogenicity.
- Substances with a molecular mass less than 5000–10,000 Da are potent immunogens.
- Large, insoluble macromolecules are generally more immunogenic than small soluble ones.
Factors Affecting Immunogenicity
- Genotype of the recipient affects the type and degree of immune response produced.
- The route of immunization strongly influences which immune organs and cell populations will be involved in the response.
- Adjuvants can enhance the immunogenicity of a macromolecule.
- The dose of immunogen affects the immune response.
Epitopes
- Epitopes are the regions of an antigen recognized by lymphocytes.
- B cells recognize epitopes in a different pattern than T cells.
- T cells recognize only peptides combined with MHC molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.
- B-cell epitopes can contain either sequential (linear) or nonsequential (conformational) amino acids.
- Antibodies engage larger areas of protein antigens compared to small peptide antigens.
T Cell Recognition
- T cells recognize antigenic peptides presented in combination with MHC molecules.
- Antigens should have 2 distinct regions: an epitope to bind T cells and an agretope to interact with MHC molecules.
- MHC molecules play a crucial role in T cell recognition.
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Description
Test your knowledge of antigens, immunogenicity, immunogens, antigenicity, and haptens with this quiz. Learn about the substances that induce immune responses and their interactions with B cells, T cells, antibodies, and cell-surface receptors.
