17 Questions
What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that influences therapy?
The presence of lipopolysaccharide in their cell wall
What type of medication is used to kill viruses?
Antivirals
Which of the following bacteria is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the term used to describe drugs that kill any type of organism that can infect humans?
Anti-infectives
What is the primary target of sulfonamides?
Folic acid metabolism
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
They are structural analogs of PABA and competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase.
What is the effect of combining sulfonamides with folic acid antagonists?
It leads to a decrease in bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis.
What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?
They are selective and irreversible inhibitors of the enzymes processing the developing peptidoglycan layer.
What is the adverse effect of folic acid antagonists on the body?
Folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia
What is the effect of sulfonamides on bacterial growth?
It temporarily inhibits the growth of bacteria
What is the site of elimination of trimethoprim, a folic acid antagonist?
The kidneys
What is the primary mechanism of action of vancomycin?
Inhibiting the transpeptidase enzyme that cross-links between NAM and NAG
Which of the following β-lactam antibiotics is often used to treat Gram-negative microorganisms?
Aztreonam
What is the primary adverse effect of imipenem?
Neurotoxicity
Which of the following glycopeptide antibiotics is often used as a last resort to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Vancomycin
What is the mechanism of action of polymixin antibiotics?
Disrupting the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane
What is the primary reason for the co-prescription of cilastatin with imipenem?
To inhibit the renal dipeptidases that inactivate imipenem
Learn about the different classes of antibiotics that inhibit folate synthesis or action, including sulfonamides and folic acid antagonists, and their mechanisms of action. Test your knowledge on the types of antibiotics and their targets.
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