Antibiotics Targeting Folate Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that influences therapy?

  • The presence of lipopolysaccharide in their cell wall (correct)
  • The type of organism they infect
  • The presence or absence of a cell wall
  • The shape of the bacterial cells

What type of medication is used to kill viruses?

  • Antifungals
  • Antivirals (correct)
  • Antiparasitics
  • Antibiotics

Which of the following bacteria is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

  • Mycobacterium leprae
  • Bacillus anthrax
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (correct)
  • Corynebacterium diphteria

What is the term used to describe drugs that kill any type of organism that can infect humans?

<p>Anti-infectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of sulfonamides?

<p>Folic acid metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

<p>They are structural analogs of PABA and competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining sulfonamides with folic acid antagonists?

<p>It leads to a decrease in bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?

<p>They are selective and irreversible inhibitors of the enzymes processing the developing peptidoglycan layer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of folic acid antagonists on the body?

<p>Folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sulfonamides on bacterial growth?

<p>It temporarily inhibits the growth of bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of elimination of trimethoprim, a folic acid antagonist?

<p>The kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of vancomycin?

<p>Inhibiting the transpeptidase enzyme that cross-links between NAM and NAG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following β-lactam antibiotics is often used to treat Gram-negative microorganisms?

<p>Aztreonam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of imipenem?

<p>Neurotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glycopeptide antibiotics is often used as a last resort to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

<p>Vancomycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of polymixin antibiotics?

<p>Disrupting the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the co-prescription of cilastatin with imipenem?

<p>To inhibit the renal dipeptidases that inactivate imipenem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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