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Antibiotics Targeting Folate Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that influences therapy?

The presence of lipopolysaccharide in their cell wall (correct)

The type of organism they infect

The presence or absence of a cell wall

The shape of the bacterial cells

What type of medication is used to kill viruses?

Antifungals

Antivirals (correct)

Antiparasitics

Antibiotics

Which of the following bacteria is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium leprae

Bacillus anthrax

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (correct)

Corynebacterium diphteria

What is the term used to describe drugs that kill any type of organism that can infect humans?

Anti-infectives Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of sulfonamides?

Folic acid metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

They are structural analogs of PABA and competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining sulfonamides with folic acid antagonists?

It leads to a decrease in bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?

They are selective and irreversible inhibitors of the enzymes processing the developing peptidoglycan layer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of folic acid antagonists on the body?

Folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sulfonamides on bacterial growth?

It temporarily inhibits the growth of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of elimination of trimethoprim, a folic acid antagonist?

The kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of vancomycin?

Inhibiting the transpeptidase enzyme that cross-links between NAM and NAG Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following β-lactam antibiotics is often used to treat Gram-negative microorganisms?

Aztreonam Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of imipenem?

Neurotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glycopeptide antibiotics is often used as a last resort to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of polymixin antibiotics?

Disrupting the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the co-prescription of cilastatin with imipenem?

To inhibit the renal dipeptidases that inactivate imipenem Signup and view all the answers