Antibiotics: Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Which of the following antibiotics have activities against Pseudomonas?

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin and Azlocillin (correct)
Cephalosporins and Penicillins
Cephalexine, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephaprin
Mezlocilin, Carbenicillin, Azlocillin, Ticarcillin

What is a common adverse effect of broad-spectrum penicillins?

Hypersensitivity reactions
Antibiotic-associated colitis (correct)
Neurotoxicity with low doses
All of the above

What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporins?

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidation of peptidoglycan (correct)
Inhibition of DNA replication
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Activation of lytic enzymes in the cell wall

What is a characteristic of Cephalosporins?

Broader spectrum of antibacterial activities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a first-generation Cephalosporin?

Ceftriaxone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of First-Generation Cephalosporins?

Inactive against enterococci (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for faecalis?

IV (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of faecalis?

Ototoxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of daptomycin?

Creating artificial pores on the membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of daptomycin?

Pneumonia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare but severe allergic reaction to faecalis?

Anaphylaxis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Second-Generation Cephalosporins?

They have extended activity against Gram -ve bacteria while retaining activity against Gram +ve organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Cephalosporins has good activity against Pseudomonas spp?

Ceftazidime (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins?

They have good activity against Pseudomonas, enterobacteria, as well as Staph, Strept, haemophilus, and Neisseria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of Third-Generation Cephalosporins?

Gram -ve infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Cephalosporins?

Local irritation after intramuscular injection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Fifth-Generation Cephalosporins?

They are active against MRSA, enterococci, and G- organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

Binding to bacterial 50S ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

Nephrotoxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of beta lactams with penicillins?

Treatment of enterococcal endocarditis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of the antibacterial spectrum of macrolides and penicillins?

Similar but not identical spectrum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a macrolide antibiotic?

Erythromycin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bacteriostatic antibiotics on bacterial growth?

They stop bacterial growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is NOT typically targeted by the antibiotics mentioned?

Candida (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?

Inhibiting 50S ribosomal subunit (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of chloramphenicol?

Nausea and vomiting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical use of linzolid?

Treating bacterial infections caused by Staph, Strept, and Enterococci (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chloramphenicol on certain infections?

It predisposes to them (A) Signup and view all the answers