Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Cell Wall Biosynthesis
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Questions and Answers

Which antibiotic is used to prevent TB in high-risk groups?

  • Rifampin (correct)
  • Quinolones
  • Metronidazole
  • Sulphonamides

    • What is the mechanism of action of Sulphonamides?

  • Inhibition of DNA synthesis
  • Competitive inhibition of folic acid metabolism (correct)
  • Inhibition of RNA synthesis
  • Reduction of the nitro group

    • Which antibiotic is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA?

  • Rifampin
  • Quinolones
  • Metronidazole
  • Daptomycin (correct)

    • What is the indication for Nitrofurantoin (Uvamine Capsule)?

    <p>Uncomplicated urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to treat intestinal amebiases?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Quinolones?

    <p>DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gentamicin administered for in central nervous system infections?

    <p>Intraventricular infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neomycin used to treat orally?

    <p>Hepatic encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is paromomycin used to treat?

    <p>Acute bacillary dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spectinomycin primarily used to target?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of macrolides?

    <p>Treatment of atypical pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clindamycin used to treat in addition to acne vulgaris and bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Soft tissue infections and endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chloramphenicol used to treat?

    <p>Eye and ear infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fusidic acid used to treat?

    <p>Skin and eye bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common target of penicillins and cephalosporins?

    <p>Cell wall biosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cephalosporins has coverage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

    <p>Ceftazidime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for oral vancomycin?

    <p>Treatment of antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fourth-generation cephalosporin?

    <p>Cefepime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aminoglycosides is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

    <p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual form of administration for neomycin and tobramycin?

    <p>Topical lotions and ointments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotic is a crucial last-reserve option for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inhibitors of Cell Wall Biosynthesis

    • Penicillins:
      • Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) administered by injection
      • Procaine benzylpenicillin reduces pain and discomfort when administered intramuscularly
      • Benzathine penicillin is a long-acting penicillin injection
      • Penicillin G is used to treat syphilis and rheumatic fever
    • Cephalosporins:
      • First-generation: Cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis
      • Second-generation: Cefuroxime increases coverage against Haemophilus influenza
      • Third-generation: Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for meningitis, and Ceftazidime for Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage
      • Fourth-generation: Cefepime for meningitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage
      • Fifth-generation: Ceftaroline for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
    • Glycopeptides:
      • Vancomycin active against Gram-positive bacteria, MRSA, and Clostridium difficile
      • Used for antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis

    Inhibitors of Cell Membrane Function

    • Colistin is a last-reserve option for multidrug-resistant bacteria

    Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis (30S Subunit Ribosome)

    • Tetracyclines:
      • Used for acne treatment
      • Used for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in penicillin-allergic patients
    • Aminoglycosides:
      • Neomycin and tobramycin for skin and eye infections
      • Gentamicin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      • Streptomycin used for tuberculosis treatment
      • Neomycin orally for hepatic encephalopathy
      • Kanamycin as a second-line drug for tuberculosis
      • Paromomycin for acute bacillary dysentery
      • Spectinomycin active against Neisseria gonorrhea

    Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis (50S Subunit Ribosome)

    • Macrolides:
      • Used for pneumonia, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis
      • Clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori infections
      • Used for sexually transmitted infections and atypical pneumonia
      • Used for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in penicillin-allergic patients
    • Lincosamides:
      • Used for acne vulgaris and bacterial vaginosis
      • Clindamycin for prophylactic coverage against endocarditis
      • Used for anthrax and malaria
      • Effective against MRSA in soft tissue infections
    • Chloramphenicol:
      • Used for eye and ear infections
      • Alternative for meningitis and typhoid treatment
    • Fusidic acid:
      • Used for skin and eye bacterial infections
      • Can be combined with steroids in creams

    Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

    • Inhibitors of DNA Synthesis:
      • Quinolones: used for urinary tract infections
    • Inhibitors of RNA Synthesis:
      • Rifampin (Rifampicin):
        • Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and Clostridium difficile
        • Used prophylactically to prevent TB in high-risk groups
      • Used alongside other drugs for TB treatment
    • Inhibitors of Folate Synthesis:
      • Sulphonamides:
        • Competitive inhibitors of folic acid metabolism
        • Combination with trimethoprim for urinary tract infections and upper respiratory tract infections

    Antibacterial Agents with Other Mechanisms

    • Nitrofuran antibiotics:
      • Nitrofurantoin (Uvamine Capsule) used for urinary tract infections
    • Daptomycin:
      • Active against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA
      • Used for diabetic foot infections and prosthetic joint infections
    • Metronidazole:
      • Used for diarrhea due to intestinal amebiasis and bacterial vaginosis

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    Description

    This quiz covers the types of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, including penicillins and cephalosporins, their uses and characteristics.

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