Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance: Penicillin Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?

  • Enhancing bacterial immune response
  • Inhibiting bacterial DNA replication
  • Inhibiting bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis (correct)
  • Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
  • What is the primary mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

  • Damaging bacterial cell membranes
  • Inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis (correct)
  • Inhibiting DNA replication
  • Inhibiting protein synthesis
  • What is the primary route of elimination for β-lactam antibiotics?

  • Hepatic elimination
  • Renal elimination (correct)
  • Pulmonary elimination
  • Biliary elimination
  • Which of the following antibiotics is used for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections?

    <p>Second-generation cephalosporin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of β-lactamase is NOT inhibited by avibactam?

    <p>Metallo-β-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination for cephalosporins?

    <p>Renal elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for penicillin V?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is sensitive to first-generation cephalosporins?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus of the bacteria that causes meningitis, which is susceptible to penicillin?

    <p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of cephalosporins?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is a combination of a penicillin and a β-lactamase inhibitor?

    <p>Ampicillin/sulbactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with the use of bacterial meningitis treatment?

    <p>Bacterial resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of penicillin is effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Ureidopenicillins?

    <p>High activity against Pseudomonas and gram-negative microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a β-lactamase inhibitor similar in structure to clavulanic acid?

    <p>Sulbactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of piperacillin over carbenicillin?

    <p>More activity against Pseudomonas and less active against gram-positive cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of Antistaphylococcal penicillins?

    <p>Effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for most cephalosporins?

    <p>Renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cephalosporins can penetrate the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Generation III cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of resistance to cephalosporins during therapy?

    <p>Selection of isolates with de-repression of bacterial chromosomal β-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cephalosporins containing methythiotetrazole are associated with which adverse effect?

    <p>Hypoprothrombinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of patients allergic to penicillins who also exhibit cross-hypersensitivity to cephalosporins?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cephalosporins is not marketed in the US?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of aminoglycosides in terms of absorption?

    <p>They are highly polar and not absorbed through the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aminoglycosides is indicated for infections due to gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens?

    <p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluoroquinolones are primarily active against which type of pathogens?

    <p>Gram-negative pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluoroquinolones has substantial activity against P. aeruginosa?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of excretion for aminoglycosides?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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