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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mode of action for penicillins?
What is the primary mode of action for penicillins?
- Injury to plasma membrane
- Inhibition of nucleic acid replication
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (correct)
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
Which antibiotic class is specified for inhibition of protein synthesis?
Which antibiotic class is specified for inhibition of protein synthesis?
- Quinolones
- Tetracyclines (correct)
- Sulfanilamides
- Penicillins
Which antibiotic is effective against Mycobacteria?
Which antibiotic is effective against Mycobacteria?
- Streptomycin
- Vancomycin
- Isoniazid (correct)
- Tetracycline
What type of bacteria do aminoglycosides, like streptomycin, primarily target?
What type of bacteria do aminoglycosides, like streptomycin, primarily target?
Which of the following drugs is used to treat infections caused by viruses?
Which of the following drugs is used to treat infections caused by viruses?
Flashcards
Antibiotic Spectrum of Activity
Antibiotic Spectrum of Activity
The range of different types of microorganisms that an antibiotic can kill or inhibit.
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
Antibiotics that target the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, preventing its construction.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, preventing the production of essential proteins.
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Replication and Transcription
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Replication and Transcription
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Injury to Plasma Membrane
Injury to Plasma Membrane
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Study Notes
Antibiotic Spectrum of Activity
- Antibiotics target different types of organisms.
- Table shows the spectrum of activity, including prokaryotes (bacteria), eukaryotes (fungi, protozoa, helminths, viruses), and more.
- Mycobacteria are targeted by isoniazid.
- Gram-negative bacteria are targeted by streptomycin.
- Gram-positive bacteria are targeted by penicillin.
- Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae are targeted by tetracycline.
- Fungi are targeted by ketoconazole.
No Antibiotic Targets All Microbes
- No antibiotic works against all microbes.
- This is noted as a key limitation.
Modes of Antimicrobial Action
- Antibiotics interfere with various microbial processes.
- Bacteria cell wall synthesis is inhibited by penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, and vancomycin.
- Protein synthesis is inhibited by chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, and streptomycin.
- Nucleic acid replication and transcription are inhibited by quinolones, and rifampin.
- Plasma membrane injury is caused by polymyxin B.
- Essential metabolites' synthesis is affected by sulfanilamide and trimethoprim.
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