Antibiotic Resistance and Usage Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

  • High fluid intake
  • Natural selection of resistant strains (correct)
  • Increased hand hygiene
  • Overuse of vaccines

    • Which of the following is NOT a mechanism through which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

  • Increased immune response (correct)
  • Inactivation of the antibiotic
  • Modification of target structures
  • Decreased antibiotic permeability

    • What effect does antibiotic therapy have on non-target bacteria in the body?

  • Eliminates all bacteria, including beneficial ones (correct)
  • Has no effect on non-target bacteria
  • Promotes growth of beneficial bacteria
  • Only targets harmful bacteria

    • Which of the following describes an incorrect practice of antibiotic use by clinicians?

    <p>Prescribing antibiotics without adequate knowledge of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is LEAST likely to cause the spread of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Increased vaccination rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common property shared by all antibiotics?

    <p>Selective toxicity towards invading organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug would be classified as an antiviral?

    <p>Zidovudine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a bactericidal agent from a bacteriostatic one?

    <p>Bactericidal agents kill the organisms directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the spectrum of an antibiotic?

    <p>The range of bacteria the antibiotic can kill or inhibit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agents can be classified as bactericidal?

    <p>β-lactams, aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for using antibiotics in seriously ill patients even without knowing the pathogen?

    <p>It is impossible to collect a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the duration of antibiotic treatment?

    <p>Depends on disease severity and culture results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor for prescribing antibiotics?

    <p>Age and immune system deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is NOT commonly used for antibiotics?

    <p>Transdermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is bacterial resistance considered a growing problem?

    <p>Daily emergence of drug-resistant strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary reason for associating different antibiotics?

    <p>To prevent resistance and achieve a synergistic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT typically influence the choice of antibiotics?

    <p>Patient's psychological state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting serial cultures during antibiotic treatment?

    <p>To monitor the permanence of the microorganism at the infection site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is resistant to penicillinases?

    <p>Staphylococcus (MSSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid?

    <p>Managing respiratory infections from betalactamase producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is used for treating cellulitis?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for penicillin G?

    <p>Respiratory infections from Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics includes ampicillin?

    <p>Aminopenicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for lincosamides?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is NOT effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant adverse reaction associated with clindamycin use?

    <p>Pseudo membranous colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the pharmacokinetic property of clindamycin?

    <p>High concentration in bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for using difficile in vitro?

    <p>Clostridium difficile infection with high recurrence risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can clindamycin be used as an alternative treatment for?

    <p>Penicillin-allergic patients with oral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistance to lincosamides is similar to which antibiotic?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gastrointestinal side effect is reported in 30-35% of patients taking clindamycin?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition represents a deep or systemic fungal infection?

    <p>Candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction is commonly associated with Amphotericin B treatment?

    <p>Reversible nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in treating fungal infections in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>Drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal agent binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, forming channels that disrupt membrane permeability?

    <p>Nystatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the mechanisms of action of azole antifungals?

    <p>Blocking ergosterol synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of antifungal affects cell wall synthesis?

    <p>Echinocandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does not directly influence the treatment of fungal infections?

    <p>Popular culture practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formulation of Amphotericin B is associated with less nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Lipidic formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Principles of Use of Antibacterial Drugs

    • Antibiotic - an anti-infective compound produced by microorganisms or synthesized chemically
    • Selective toxicity - the antibiotic's toxicity is greater towards invading organisms than towards human host tissues
    • Spectrum - the range of pathogens affected by the antibiotic (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, or antiparasitic)

    Bactericide / Bacteriostatic

    • Bactericidal - agents that kill the microorganism
    • Bacteriostatic - agents that inhibit bacterial growth and replication
    • Action - depends on the mechanism of action, concentration at the site of action, and the size of the inoculum

    Type of Antibiotic Treatment

    • Empirical - chosen without knowing the specific germ causing the infection
    • Specific - chosen after identifying the germ and knowing the antibiogram

    Antibacterial Activity

    • Susceptibility - how susceptible the bacterial strain is to the antibiotic
    • Types - susceptible, intermediate, or resistant
    • Quantification - using methods like diffusion and dilution techniques

    MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)

    • The lowest concentration of antibiotic capable of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in a given medium after a certain period of incubation.

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    Related Documents

    Pharmacology of Infectious Processes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on antibiotic resistance, its causes, and the mechanisms through which bacteria develop resistance. This quiz also explores the proper use of antibiotics and the impact of these drugs on both target and non-target bacteria. Challenge yourself with questions about drug classification and clinical practices.

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