58 Questions
What do we call antimicrobial drugs produced by living 'biotic' microorganisms?
Antibiotics
Which term refers to the drug treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, other pathologic microorganisms, parasites, and tumor cells?
Chemotherapy
Which term refers to the ability of a drug to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms?
Antimicrobial spectrum of activity
What type of antimicrobial drug is effective against a wide range of species?
Broadspectrum
What is the term used for the property of a drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging host cells?
Selective toxicity
Which term refers to antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab?
Synthetic drugs
Which type of antimicrobial drug is capable of inhibiting the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them?
Bacteriostatic
What is the mode of action of vancomycin?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Which drug binds to RNA polymerase and interferes with the initiation process of RNA synthesis?
Rifampicin
What is the main action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?
Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome
Which drug competitively blocks the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase?
Sulfonamides
What is the primary mechanism of non-genetic bacterial resistance to drugs?
Metabolically dormant state
Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?
Transposon-mediated resistance
What is the action of bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs?
Inhibiting the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them
What is the primary function of rifampicin in bacterial cells?
Interference with RNA polymerase and initiation process for RNA synthesis
What is the action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?
Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome
What is the primary function of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?
Competitively block the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase.
What is the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?
Altering the binding site on the 30S ribosome
What is a common bacterial resistance mechanism to polymyxins?
Decreased uptake or increased efflux of polymyxins
How do sulphonamide-resistant bacteria acquire resistance?
By developing an altered metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of sulphonamides
Why is combination therapy effective in special situations?
To prevent the emergence of resistant organisms
In what situations is combination therapy not useful?
When there is a risk of drug interactions
Why might the combination of tetracycline and penicillin be ineffective?
Tetracycline inhibits the growth of the organism, preventing the bactericidal effect of penicillin
What is a potential complication of prolonged use of antimicrobial agents?
Development of drug resistance
What is a common hematologic reaction associated with antimicrobial agents?
Anemia
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial drug?
High toxicity to the host
Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs produced by:
Living microorganisms
Which term refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill bacteria?
Bactericidal
Vancomycin is an antibiotic that acts by:
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Which of the following is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?
Decreased access to the target site
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?
Increased susceptibility to drugs
Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?
Transposon-mediated resistance
What is the main composition of the bacterial cell membrane?
Proteins and lipids
Which class of antibiotics is known for its affinity for the cell membrane in Gram-negative bacilli?
Polymyxins
Which of the following antibiotics acts by inhibiting protein synthesis?
Tetracycline
Which of the following antibiotics is NOT used as a systemic drug due to its toxicity for the kidneys and nervous system?
Polymyxins
The term 'selective toxicity' refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells. True or False.
True
Quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin inhibit which process in bacteria?
RNA synthesis
Which of the following antibiotics binds to the pentapeptides of the peptidoglycan monomers?
Vancomycin
Which of the following is NOT an example of an antimicrobial drug that binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?
Aminoglycosides
The competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis is the mechanism of action of which class of antibiotics.
Sulfonamides
Which of the following is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
Isoniazid
Which of the following antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall?
Vancomycin and bacitracin
Which class of antibiotics interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase?
Quinolones
Which enzymes are responsible for destroying β-lactam antibiotics?
ß-lactamases
How do polymyxins primarily exert their antimicrobial activity?
Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis
What is the primary target site of β-lactam antibiotics?
Cell wall synthesis
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
Chloramphenicol
Which enzyme do bacteria produce to destroy chloramphenicol?
Acetyltransferase
What is the primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones?
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Which type of resistance is characterized by the loss of target structure in bacteria?
Intrinsic resistance
What is the primary mode of action of polymyxins?
Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis
Which antibiotics selectively combine with phosphatide in the cell membrane to increase permeability?
Polymyxins
What class of antibiotics mimics the normal metabolite and acts as a competitive inhibitor in folic acid synthesis?
Sulfonamides
Which antibiotics inhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units in the cell wall?
β-lactams
What is the term used to describe the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells?
Selective toxicity
Which type of antibiotics have a rapid lethal action and kill bacteria?
Bactericidal
What are antibiotics?
Antimicrobial drugs produced by living microorganisms
Test your knowledge on antibacterial chemotherapy, including the mechanism of action, bacterial resistance, combination therapy, complications, and chemoprophylaxis.
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