Antibacterial Chemotherapy: Mechanism and Resistance
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Questions and Answers

What do we call antimicrobial drugs produced by living 'biotic' microorganisms?

  • Narrowspectrum
  • Antibiotics (correct)
  • Synthetic drugs
  • Broadspectrum

Which term refers to the drug treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, other pathologic microorganisms, parasites, and tumor cells?

  • Chemotherapy (correct)
  • Antibiotics
  • Antimicrobial spectrum of activity
  • Selective toxicity

Which term refers to the ability of a drug to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms?

  • Antimicrobial spectrum of activity (correct)
  • Antibiotic
  • Chemotherapy
  • Selective toxicity

What type of antimicrobial drug is effective against a wide range of species?

<p>Broadspectrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the property of a drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging host cells?

<p>Selective toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab?

<p>Synthetic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial drug is capable of inhibiting the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them?

<p>Bacteriostatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of vancomycin?

<p>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug binds to RNA polymerase and interferes with the initiation process of RNA synthesis?

<p>Rifampicin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

<p>Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug competitively blocks the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase?

<p>Sulfonamides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of non-genetic bacterial resistance to drugs?

<p>Metabolically dormant state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

<p>Transposon-mediated resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs?

<p><u>Inhibiting the growth</u> or reproduction of bacteria without killing them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rifampicin in bacterial cells?

<p>Interference with RNA polymerase and initiation process for RNA synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

<p>Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

<p>Competitively block the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

<p>Altering the binding site on the 30S ribosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common bacterial resistance mechanism to polymyxins?

<p>Decreased uptake or increased efflux of polymyxins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sulphonamide-resistant bacteria acquire resistance?

<p>By developing an altered metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of sulphonamides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is combination therapy effective in special situations?

<p>To prevent the emergence of resistant organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situations is combination therapy not useful?

<p>When there is a risk of drug interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the combination of tetracycline and penicillin be ineffective?

<p>Tetracycline inhibits the growth of the organism, preventing the bactericidal effect of penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of prolonged use of antimicrobial agents?

<p>Development of drug resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common hematologic reaction associated with antimicrobial agents?

<p>Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial drug?

<p>High toxicity to the host (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs produced by:

<p>Living microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill bacteria?

<p>Bactericidal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that acts by:

<p>Inhibiting cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

<p>Decreased access to the target site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

<p>Increased susceptibility to drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

<p>Transposon-mediated resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of the bacterial cell membrane?

<p>Proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibiotics is known for its affinity for the cell membrane in Gram-negative bacilli?

<p>Polymyxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics acts by inhibiting protein synthesis?

<p>Tetracycline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT used as a systemic drug due to its toxicity for the kidneys and nervous system?

<p>Polymyxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'selective toxicity' refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells. True or False.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin inhibit which process in bacteria?

<p>RNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics binds to the pentapeptides of the peptidoglycan monomers?

<p>Vancomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antimicrobial drug that binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?

<p>Aminoglycosides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis is the mechanism of action of which class of antibiotics.

<p>Sulfonamides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.

<p>Isoniazid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall?

<p>Vancomycin and bacitracin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibiotics interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase?

<p>Quinolones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are responsible for destroying β-lactam antibiotics?

<p>ß-lactamases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do polymyxins primarily exert their antimicrobial activity?

<p>Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target site of β-lactam antibiotics?

<p>Cell wall synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?

<p>Chloramphenicol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme do bacteria produce to destroy chloramphenicol?

<p>Acetyltransferase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones?

<p>Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resistance is characterized by the loss of target structure in bacteria?

<p>Intrinsic resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of polymyxins?

<p>Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotics selectively combine with phosphatide in the cell membrane to increase permeability?

<p>Polymyxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of antibiotics mimics the normal metabolite and acts as a competitive inhibitor in folic acid synthesis?

<p>Sulfonamides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotics inhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units in the cell wall?

<p>β-lactams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells?

<p>Selective toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics have a rapid lethal action and kill bacteria?

<p>Bactericidal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antibiotics?

<p>Antimicrobial drugs produced by living microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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