Antibacterial Chemotherapy: Mechanism and Resistance
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Questions and Answers

What do we call antimicrobial drugs produced by living 'biotic' microorganisms?

  • Narrowspectrum
  • Antibiotics (correct)
  • Synthetic drugs
  • Broadspectrum

    • Which term refers to the drug treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, other pathologic microorganisms, parasites, and tumor cells?

  • Chemotherapy (correct)
  • Antibiotics
  • Antimicrobial spectrum of activity
  • Selective toxicity

    • Which term refers to the ability of a drug to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms?

  • Antimicrobial spectrum of activity (correct)
  • Antibiotic
  • Chemotherapy
  • Selective toxicity

    • What type of antimicrobial drug is effective against a wide range of species?

    <p>Broadspectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the property of a drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging host cells?

    <p>Selective toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab?

    <p>Synthetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial drug is capable of inhibiting the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them?

    <p>Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of vancomycin?

    <p>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug binds to RNA polymerase and interferes with the initiation process of RNA synthesis?

    <p>Rifampicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

    <p>Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug competitively blocks the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of non-genetic bacterial resistance to drugs?

    <p>Metabolically dormant state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

    <p>Transposon-mediated resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs?

    <p><u>Inhibiting the growth</u> or reproduction of bacteria without killing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rifampicin in bacterial cells?

    <p>Interference with RNA polymerase and initiation process for RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

    <p>Interference with mRNA attachment to ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

    <p>Competitively block the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

    <p>Altering the binding site on the 30S ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common bacterial resistance mechanism to polymyxins?

    <p>Decreased uptake or increased efflux of polymyxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sulphonamide-resistant bacteria acquire resistance?

    <p>By developing an altered metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of sulphonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is combination therapy effective in special situations?

    <p>To prevent the emergence of resistant organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations is combination therapy not useful?

    <p>When there is a risk of drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the combination of tetracycline and penicillin be ineffective?

    <p>Tetracycline inhibits the growth of the organism, preventing the bactericidal effect of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of prolonged use of antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Development of drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common hematologic reaction associated with antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial drug?

    <p>High toxicity to the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs produced by:

    <p>Living microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill bacteria?

    <p>Bactericidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vancomycin is an antibiotic that acts by:

    <p>Inhibiting cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Decreased access to the target site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

    <p>Transposon-mediated resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main composition of the bacterial cell membrane?

    <p>Proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics is known for its affinity for the cell membrane in Gram-negative bacilli?

    <p>Polymyxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics acts by inhibiting protein synthesis?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is NOT used as a systemic drug due to its toxicity for the kidneys and nervous system?

    <p>Polymyxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'selective toxicity' refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells. True or False.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin inhibit which process in bacteria?

    <p>RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics binds to the pentapeptides of the peptidoglycan monomers?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an antimicrobial drug that binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis is the mechanism of action of which class of antibiotics.

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.

    <p>Isoniazid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall?

    <p>Vancomycin and bacitracin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase?

    <p>Quinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are responsible for destroying β-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>ß-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do polymyxins primarily exert their antimicrobial activity?

    <p>Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target site of β-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do bacteria produce to destroy chloramphenicol?

    <p>Acetyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resistance is characterized by the loss of target structure in bacteria?

    <p>Intrinsic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of polymyxins?

    <p>Inhibition of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotics selectively combine with phosphatide in the cell membrane to increase permeability?

    <p>Polymyxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of antibiotics mimics the normal metabolite and acts as a competitive inhibitor in folic acid synthesis?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotics inhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units in the cell wall?

    <p>β-lactams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells?

    <p>Selective toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics have a rapid lethal action and kill bacteria?

    <p>Bactericidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antibiotics?

    <p>Antimicrobial drugs produced by living microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

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