Antibacterial Chemotherapy: Mechanism and Resistance

What do we call antimicrobial drugs produced by living 'biotic' microorganisms?

Which term refers to the drug treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, other pathologic microorganisms, parasites, and tumor cells?

Which term refers to the ability of a drug to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms?

What type of antimicrobial drug is effective against a wide range of species?

What is the term used for the property of a drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging host cells?

Which term refers to antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab?

Which type of antimicrobial drug is capable of inhibiting the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them?

What is the mode of action of vancomycin?

Which drug binds to RNA polymerase and interferes with the initiation process of RNA synthesis?

What is the main action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

Which drug competitively blocks the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydrofolic acid by the enzyme synthetase?

What is the primary mechanism of non-genetic bacterial resistance to drugs?

Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

What is the action of bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs?

What is the primary function of rifampicin in bacterial cells?

What is the action of tetracyclines on bacterial ribosomes?

What is the primary function of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

What is the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

What is a common bacterial resistance mechanism to polymyxins?

How do sulphonamide-resistant bacteria acquire resistance?

Why is combination therapy effective in special situations?

In what situations is combination therapy not useful?

Why might the combination of tetracycline and penicillin be ineffective?

What is a potential complication of prolonged use of antimicrobial agents?

What is a common hematologic reaction associated with antimicrobial agents?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial drug?

Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs produced by:

Which term refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill bacteria?

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that acts by:

Which of the following is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

Which type of genetic drug resistance involves transposons carrying drug-resistance genes?

What is the main composition of the bacterial cell membrane?

Which class of antibiotics is known for its affinity for the cell membrane in Gram-negative bacilli?

Which of the following antibiotics acts by inhibiting protein synthesis?

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT used as a systemic drug due to its toxicity for the kidneys and nervous system?

The term 'selective toxicity' refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells. True or False.

Quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin inhibit which process in bacteria?

Which of the following antibiotics binds to the pentapeptides of the peptidoglycan monomers?

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antimicrobial drug that binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?

The competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis is the mechanism of action of which class of antibiotics.

Which of the following is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.

Which of the following antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan formation in the cell wall?

Which class of antibiotics interferes with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase?

Which enzymes are responsible for destroying β-lactam antibiotics?

How do polymyxins primarily exert their antimicrobial activity?

What is the primary target site of β-lactam antibiotics?

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?

Which enzyme do bacteria produce to destroy chloramphenicol?

What is the primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones?

Which type of resistance is characterized by the loss of target structure in bacteria?

What is the primary mode of action of polymyxins?

Which antibiotics selectively combine with phosphatide in the cell membrane to increase permeability?

What class of antibiotics mimics the normal metabolite and acts as a competitive inhibitor in folic acid synthesis?

Which antibiotics inhibit the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units in the cell wall?

What is the term used to describe the ability of an antimicrobial drug to kill harmful microbes without damaging the host cells?

Which type of antibiotics have a rapid lethal action and kill bacteria?

What are antibiotics?