Anti-Streptolysin O Titer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants?

  • Calm demeanor
  • Bulging fontanels (correct)
  • Decreased head circumference
  • Regular breathing pattern

    • Which of the following is included in Cushing’s Triad?

  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypoxia
  • Bradycardia (correct)

    • How does increased ICP affect the optic nerve?

  • It leads to blurred vision and possible blindness. (correct)
  • It only affects peripheral vision.
  • It has no effect on vision.
  • It causes vision to improve.

    • Which position is recommended for a patient to help decrease ICP?

    <p>Semi-Fowler's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common early symptom of increased ICP in young children?

    <p>Irritability or agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anisocoria indicate when observed in a patient?

    <p>Potential brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of projectile vomiting associated with increased ICP?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PERRLA stand for in relation to pupil assessment?

    <p>Pupil Equally Reactive to Light And Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is the first choice for treating the condition described?

    <p>Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the management for the condition?

    <p>Cholesterol medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exacerbation and remission, how long should treatment continue?

    <p>Up to 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammatory marker indicates acute inflammation?

    <p>CRP - C-reactive protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Dyspnea on exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem associated with Pulmonary Stenosis?

    <p>Pulmonary artery obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do corticosteroids play in the management plan?

    <p>Relief of carditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure is considered curative for Pulmonary Stenosis?

    <p>Intracardiac surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition helps keep a patient alive in cases of Transposition of the Great Arteries?

    <p>Patent Ductus Arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major symptom would be associated with Rheumatic Heart Fever according to Jones Criteria?

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is indicative of chronic hypoxia?

    <p>Clubbing of fingernails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates the need for monitoring during salicylate treatment?

    <p>Bleeding tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management for a newborn with Transposition of the Great Arteries?

    <p>Prostaglandin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Severe respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic imaging technique is used to identify a Boot Shaped Heart?

    <p>2D Echocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic result indicates Left-Sided Heart Failure (LSHF)?

    <p>High pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy is recommended to maximize lung expansion?

    <p>Position the patient in a Fowlers position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would most likely indicate a complication of Kawasaki disease?

    <p>Strawberry red tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of gastrointestinal disorders in children, like cleft lip and palate?

    <p>Difficulty in feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is associated with the inflammatory response in Kawasaki disease?

    <p>Increased ESR levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to enhance immune response in Kawasaki disease?

    <p>Immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to the necessity for CPR in Kawasaki disease patients?

    <p>Risk for coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with heart failure in pediatrics?

    <p>Cough with crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Right-Sided Heart Failure?

    <p>Pulmonary crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of a patient with Digoxin toxicity?

    <p>Visual disturbances and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary sign of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

    <p>Bitter taste in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary adjustments should be made for a patient diagnosed with GERD?

    <p>Low fat, high fiber diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Celiac Disease?

    <p>Heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential surgical intervention for Pyloric Stenosis?

    <p>Pyloromyotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), what position should the head be elevated during sleep?

    <p>6-8 inches elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of symptoms for Pyloric Stenosis?

    <p>Good appetite with vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should be avoided in a gluten-free diet for Celiac Disease?

    <p>Barley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication type is used to neutralize acidity in GERD management?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to monitor in infants with Pyloric Stenosis?

    <p>Weight gain patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of Cholecystitis?

    <p>Vomiting with bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feeding pattern is recommended for patients with GERD?

    <p>Small, frequent feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign of Celiac Disease?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected result in a bowel biopsy for Celiac Disease?

    <p>Hyperplastic villous atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients with Pyloric Stenosis do to prevent aspiration during feeding?

    <p>Burp frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediatric Neurologic Disorders

    • Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Normal range is 5-15 mmHg.
    • Cushing’s Triad: Consists of hypertension, bradycardia, bradypnea; indicates severe ICP.
    • Signs of Increased ICP in Young Children:
      • Bulging fontanels in infants, aggravated by crying.
      • High-pitched, shrill cries in infants.
      • Irritability or agitation in children; restlessness in adults; confusion in geriatrics.
      • Increased head circumference and projectile vomiting can indicate cerebral edema.

    Pediatric Cardiac Disorders

    • Congenital Heart Defects:

      • Tetralogy of Fallot: Characterized by cyanosis, squatting behavior to decrease cardiac workload, and "tet spells" causing irritability and pallor. Diagnosed via 2D Echo showing a boot-shaped heart.
      • Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA): Severe cyanosis; managed with Prostaglandins and arterial switch surgery.

    • Rheumatic Heart Disease: Caused by Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS). Diagnosed using Jones Criteria:

      • Major symptoms: carditis, polyarthritis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and elevated acute phase reactants.
      • Minor symptoms include low-grade fever, arthralgia, and increased ESR.

    • Management of Heart Failure:

      • Recognized by RSHF (right-sided heart failure) with edema and LSHF (left-sided heart failure) with dyspnea and orthopnea.
      • Diagnostics include CXR, 2D Echo, and central venous pressure readings.
      • Poor cardiac output addressed with fowlers position, supplemental oxygen, and diuretics.

    Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: Associated with feeding difficulties and risk for aspiration. Surgical interference includes cheiloplasty for cleft lip and palatoplasty for cleft palate.

    • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Characterized by forceful vomiting and heartburn due to incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.

      • Managed with dietary modifications and medications such as antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs.

    • Pyloric Stenosis: Narrowing of pyloric sphincter, leads to projectile vomiting without bile. Key signs include "olive-shaped" mass in the abdomen and metabolic alkalosis.

      • Surgery involves pyloromyotomy to relieve obstruction.

    • Celiac Disease: A chronic disorder characterized by gluten sensitivity, malabsorption leading to diarrhea and severe abdominal distention.

      • Diagnosed via bowel biopsy demonstrating mucosal atrophy. Management focuses on a lifelong gluten-free diet, avoiding barley, rye, oats, and wheat.

    Kawasaki Disease

    • An acute, self-limiting vasculitis leading to inflammation of blood vessels.
    • Symptoms include high spiking fever, strawberry tongue, photophobia, polymorphous rash, and desquamation.
    • Managed with immunoglobulins and aspirin to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary artery complications.

    General Pediatric Nursing Considerations

    • Positioning for reducing ICP: Semi-fowler's position recommended to allow gravity to decrease pressure on the brain.
    • Continuous monitoring for vital signs and symptoms reflecting changes in condition, especially in congenital heart defects and ICP management.
    • Importance of educating families about signs of decompensation or increasing severity in pediatric conditions for timely interventions.

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