Anti-Money Laundering Act Definitions
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Which of the following accounts are subject to a freeze order or order of inquiry?

  • All accounts under the name of the person subject to freeze order (correct)
  • Accounts where the account holder is in another jurisdiction
  • Accounts solely based on verbal agreements
  • Only accounts held jointly with others

    • What types of accounts could be considered materially-linked accounts?

  • Accounts that are closed before the inquiry commences
  • Accounts held for the benefit of the person whose accounts are under inquiry (correct)
  • Accounts solely owned by a sibling of the person subject to inquiry
  • Accounts opened after the inquiry begins

    • Which of the following accurately represents an account that falls under a freeze order?

  • Personal accounts opened with a different name
  • Accounts controlled by a legal entity owned by the person subject to freeze (correct)
  • Accounts of relatives not linked to the person subject to the freeze
  • Only trust accounts that are not interlinked with the person's finances

    • Which statement correctly describes ‘In Trust For’ accounts under an order of inquiry?

    <p>They include accounts where the trustee or trustor is linked to the person in subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accounts would NOT be likely affected by a freeze order?

    <p>Accounts held solely in the name of a person with no connection to the inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Non-Profit Organization?

    <p>To raise or disburse funds for charitable or cultural purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is referred to as an offender in the context of money laundering?

    <p>Any person who commits a money laundering offense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an Offshore Gaming Operator play?

    <p>They provide components of offshore gaming operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the Ongoing Monitoring Process?

    <p>Continuously updating customer identification based on risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is categorized as the Originator in a wire transfer?

    <p>The person placing the wire transfer order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Payable-Through Account?

    <p>Correspondent accounts for third-party transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Parallel Financial Investigation?

    <p>To investigate money laundering alongside other unlawful activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of identification is issued by the Philippine Statistics Authority?

    <p>A non-transferrable identification card for citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Account' refer to in the context of the Anti-Money Laundering Act?

    <p>A contractual relationship where funds are held by a covered person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Anti-Money Laundering Council?

    <p>The governing body of the government agency responsible for implementing the AMLA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an Asset under the Anti-Money Laundering Act?

    <p>A monetary instrument, property, or both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Asset Preservation Order' refer to?

    <p>A remedy to preserve monetary instruments or properties related to unlawful activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the Average Due Diligence required in the context of the Anti-Money Laundering Act?

    <p>It is the normal level of diligence for medium risk cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas?

    <p>The central bank of the Republic of the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency may authorize casinos to engage in gaming operations?

    <p>Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the Anti-Money Laundering Act?

    <p>A law to prevent illicit activities related to money laundering and terrorism financing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bank is characterized by having no physical presence in the country where it is licensed?

    <p>Shell Bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to the simultaneous transfer of both payment and payment messages?

    <p>Serial Payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the conduct of payment transactions electronically without manual intervention?

    <p>Straight-Through Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Source of Fund' refer to?

    <p>The origin of funds or monetary instruments in a transaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is responsible for supervising financial institutions in a designated capacity?

    <p>Supervising Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Source of Wealth' encompasses which of the following?

    <p>Employment, business, investments, and other forms of wealth origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Substantial Evidence' refer to in the context of financial violations?

    <p>Evidence adequately justifying a conclusion of violation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does strategic analysis involve in the context of preventing money laundering and terrorism financing?

    <p>High-level macro analysis of data for pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Tactical Analysis in the context of crime analysis?

    <p>Short-term development of investigative priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of Targeted Financial Sanctions as defined in the context provided?

    <p>To prevent making assets available for designated individuals or entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act refers to measures against terrorism financing in the described context?

    <p>Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Trustor/Grantor/Settlor' refer to?

    <p>A person establishing a trust and transferring assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'Unique Transaction Reference Number'?

    <p>A combination of letters, numbers, or symbols for wire transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the United Nations Security Council?

    <p>To maintain international peace and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In financial terms, what does a 'Trustee' refer to?

    <p>An individual managing property on behalf of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a 'Virtual Asset'?

    <p>It can be digitally traded or transferred and used for payments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a real estate broker?

    <p>To act as an agent in facilitating real estate transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a real estate developer?

    <p>A person or entity that engages in real estate projects for profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encompassed in a realty transaction report?

    <p>Reports filed with relevant authorities on transactions exceeding ₱500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method refers to minimally invasive customer scrutiny due to low risk?

    <p>Reduced Due Diligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a related account in this context?

    <p>An account significantly linked to frozen properties or assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Strategic Trade Management' act encompass?

    <p>Law regarding the management of strategic goods trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sectoral Risk Assessment?

    <p>To identify and mitigate risks related to illicit transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Philippines?

    <p>To act as the primary regulator of the securities industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anti-Money Laundering Act: Definitions

    • Account: A bank account, electronic money account, or similar contract where customer funds are held.
    • Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA): Refers to Republic Act No. 9160, amended by other acts. It outlines the Philippines' central AML/CTF authority.
    • Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC): The governing body of the Philippines' AML/CTF authority.
    • Appropriate Government Agency: Agencies authorizing casinos, like PAGCOR, CEZA, APECO.
    • Asset: A monetary instrument, property, or combination of both.
    • Asset Preservation Order: A legal measure to preserve assets linked to unlawful activity.
    • Average Due Diligence: The standard level of customer due diligence for medium-risk money laundering situations.
    • Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP): The central bank of the Philippines.
    • Bank Inquiry: A legal procedure to investigate particular bank accounts.
    • Bearer Negotiable Instruments: Instruments like checks, promissory notes, and money orders, where ownership transfers with possession (e.g., traveler's checks).  
    • Bearer Shares: Negotiable instruments granting ownership rights in a juridical person to the possessor of a share certificate.
    • Beneficial Owner: The person who ultimately owns, controls, or has a significant interest in a customer account (at least 20% shares).
    • Beneficial Ownership Verification: Measures to identify and verify a beneficial owner's true nature and relationship with the account/transaction.
    • Beneficiary: The recipient of funds in an account, trust, life insurance, or investment agreement.
    • Beneficiary Financial Institution: The financial institution receiving funds on behalf of a beneficiary.
    • Biometric Information: Features that uniquely identify an individual (e.g., fingerprints, facial photos).
    • Casino: A business authorized for gaming operations.
    • Casino Cash Transaction: Cash transactions involving casino payouts, and payments made by or on behalf of a customer.
    • Civil Forfeiture: Government seizure of assets (not through conviction) linked to unlawful activity.
    • Close Relationship/Associate: Individuals who have close personal or professional connections to PEPs.
    • Correspondent Banking: One bank providing banking services for another.
    • Company Service Provider: Individuals/firms assisting clients with company formation, administration, etc.
    • Cover Payment: A wire transfer that includes a payment message directed to the beneficiary and cover instructions to intermediaries.
    • Covered Transaction: Cash transactions exceeding specific thresholds (e.g., P500,000).
    • Covered Transaction Report: A report on covered transactions before the AMLC.
    • Cross-Border Wire Transfer: Wire transfer where both the originating and beneficiary institutions are in different countries.
    • Customer: Any person who maintains an account or conducts transactions with a covered person.
    • Customer Due Diligence: Procedures used to identify and verify customers.
    • Customer Identification Process: The method of determining customer identity.
    • Customer Verification Process: Validating documents and information provided by customers.
    • Dealer in Precious Metals and Stones/Jewelry Dealer: Businesses dealing with precious metals and stones (excluding those related to mining).
    • Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions (DNFBPs): Businesses/professions not under supervision of the BSP, SEC, or IC.
    • Determination of Relationship: Identifying the intended nature of business/professional relationship.
    • Domestic Wire Transfer: Wire transfers entirely within a single country.
    • Demographic Data: Personal details of an individual that uniquely identify them.
    • Enhanced Due Diligence: A heightened level of scrutiny in understanding and confirming customer information.
    • Financial Intelligence: Information gathered and analyzed to understand financial activities of persons of interest.
    • Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU): A national center for receiving and analyzing suspicious transactions and information related to money laundering and terrorism financing.
    • Financial Investigation: An inquiry into the finances of persons involved in money laundering or terrorism financing.
    • Freeze Order: A provisional measure to block assets linked to unlawful activities.
    • Gaming Operations: Games of chance authorized by the AGA, excluding certain types like sweepstakes and lotteries.
    • Identification and Verification of Agents: Establishing the identity and legitimacy of agents/representatives interacting with customers.
    • Identification Data: Information or documents used to identify individuals.
    • Instrumentality: A monetary instrument/property needed to finance/maintain unlawful activity.
    • Insurance Commission: The Philippine regulatory body for insurance and pre-need industries.
    • Intermediary Financial Institution: A financial institution acting as a middleman handling wire transfers.
    • Internet-Based Casino: Online casinos.
    • Jewel/Jewelry: Organic or finished products with a significant portion of their value derived from jewels, precious metals etc.
    • Law Enforcement Agency (LEA): Government entities responsible for criminal investigations and enforcement.
    • Metrially-Linked Accounts: Accounts or funds connected to assets that are frozen/subject to inquiry.
    • Monetary Instrument: Funds, currency, credit instruments, securities etc. This is a broad term.
    • Money Laundering/Terrorism Financing Prevention Program: Internal policies, controls, and best practices for preventing ML/TF.
    • Money Laundering: The crime defined under Section 4 of the AMLA.
    • Money or Value Transfer Service: Services accepting/transferring cash, checks, etc.
    • Mutual Legal Assistance: Formal international cooperation in criminal matters.
    • National Risk Assessment: A risk analysis process for money laundering and terrorism financing.
    • Non-Profit Organization: Organizations typically with charitable, social or similar purposes, and fund-raising activities.
    • Offender: A person who commits a money laundering offense.
    • Offshore Gaming Operator: Entities offering online gambling or sports events.
    • Offshore Gaming Operator Services Provider: Entities providing components to offshore gaming operations.
    • Ongoing Monitoring Process: Continuously assessing risks, understanding transactions and updating customer information.
    • Originating/Ordering Financial Institution: The institution initially initiating a wire transfer.
    • Originator: The person placing an order for a wire transfer.
    • Other Government Agency: Agencies not specifically an SA, AGA, or LEA.
    • Parallel Financial Investigation: Investigation into money laundering/terrorism financing alongside other investigations.
    • Payable-Through Accounts: Correspondent accounts used for transactions on behalf of third parties.
    • Person/Entity: Refers to a natural person or a juridical person.
    • Philippine Identification Card: A government-issued identification card.
    • Philippine Identification System (PhilSys): A government-run central identification platform for citizens and resident aliens.
    • PhilSys Number: Unique identification number for every citizen or resident alien in the PhilSys System.
    • Politically Exposed Person (PEP): Individuals in prominent public positions who have substantial authority over policy, operations, etc.
    • Precious Metals: Precious metals like gold, silver, platinum, palladium etc.
    • Precious Stones: Gems and stones with market recognized value and rarity.
    • Probable Cause: Factors to believe that a monetary instrument or asset is related to money laundering etc.
    • Proceeds: Amounts derived from unlawful activity.
    • Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: The development or use of weapons of mass destruction.
    • Property: Items/assets, real or personal, tangible or intangible.
    • Request for Information: Information requests to other entities for purposes of investigations.
    • Real Estate/Real Estate Broker/Real Estate Developer: Individuals dealing in real estate.
    • Realty Transaction/Realty Transaction Report: Real estate transactions exceeding a certain amount.
    • Reduced Due Diligence: The lowest level of customer due diligence used in low-risk transactions.
    • Related Account: An account connected to the assets being frozen or subject to inquiry
    • Risk-Based Approach: Assessments of risks for money laundering and terrorism financing from different perspectives.
    • Sectoral Risk Assessment: Comprehensive risk assessments of specific industries or business sectors.
    • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): The Philippine regulatory body for the securities industry.
    • Serial Payment: A sequence of payments directly transferred.
    • Shell Bank: Banks without physical presence in the country of incorporation or regulation.
    • Ship-Based Casino: Casinos located on ships or boats.
    • Source of Funds/Source of Wealth: Sources of funds/assets, e.g., employment, investment, etc.
    • Strategic Trade Management Act: Refers to Republic Act No. 10697, a law related to the management of strategic goods trade.
    • Supervising Authority: Government agencies overseeing specific financial institutions or entities.
    • Suspicious Circumstances: Various circumstances raising doubts about a transaction(e.g., no clear justification, excessive amount).
    • Suspicion: A feeling/assessment that a transaction/person is involved in something suspicious.
    • Suspicious Transaction: An action that triggers suspicion; it may not involve crime.
    • Suspicious Transaction Report: A document filed for suspicious transactions to the AMLC.
    • Tactical Analysis: Analysis on time, location, perpetrator, victims etc. to understand a crime series.
    • Targeted Financial Sanctions: Penalties for individuals or entities violating international agreements or orders
    • Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act: A Philippine law addressing terrorism financing.
    • Transaction: An action taking place/any business engagement. 
    • Trustee: A person holding assets for another
    • Trustor/Grantor/Settlor: The person originally/legally responsible for an asset/giving money/property over to a trustee. 
    • Unique Transaction Reference Number: A combination of letters/numbers to identify a transaction uniquely.
    • United Nations Security Council: The UN body responsible for international peace and security.
    • Virtual Asset: Digital representation of value like cryptocurrencies.
    • Virtual Asset Provider: A business related to virtual assets. 
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons.
    • Wire Transfer: Electronic transfer of funds.

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    Test your knowledge on the key definitions related to the Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) in the Philippines. This quiz will cover terms such as accounts, asset preservation orders, and the role of appropriate government agencies. Ideal for students and professionals in finance and law.

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