Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mnemonic for Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please
Name the drugs in Class 1A.
Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide
What are the drugs classified as Class 1B?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drugs are included in Class 1C?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of Class 2 antiarrhythmics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mnemonic for Class 2 drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
List the Class 2 drugs.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mnemonic for Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the drugs in Class 3.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of Class 4 antiarrhythmics?
Signup and view all the answers
What are dihydropyridines indicated for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the DOC for emergent SVT?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the DOC for Torsades de Points?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during Phase 1 of the cardiac action potential?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe Phase 2 in the cardiac action potential.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during Phase 3 of the cardiac action potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic PARK?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major side effect of ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic CAPTOPRIL?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the mnemonic 'UNLOAD FAST' signify in the treatment of CHF?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the mnemonic 'LAMB' suggest for V-Tach Treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the toxicity mnemonic for Amiodarone?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the drug of choice for A-fib and A-flutter?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anti-arrhythmic Classes and Mechanisms
- Class 1 antiarrhythmics primarily act as sodium (Na) channel blockers.
- Class 1 drugs can be categorized into three subtypes: 1A, 1B, and 1C.
- Class 1A drugs include Disopyramide, Quinidine, and Procainamide.
- Class 1B drugs consist of Lidocaine and Mexiletine.
- Class 1C drugs consist of Flecainide and Propafenone.
- Class 2 antiarrhythmics are beta-adrenergic blockers.
Mnemonics for Classifications
- Class 1 mnemonic: "Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please."
- Class 2 mnemonic: "Please Excuse Marry."
- Class 3 antiarrhythmics are potassium channel blockers.
- Class 3 mnemonic: "AIDS."
Specific Drug Classes
- Class 2 drugs include Propranolol, Esmolol, and Metoprolol.
- Class 3 drugs include Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Dronedarone, and Sotalol.
- Class 4 antiarrhythmics are calcium channel blockers.
Additional Sorting of Antiarrhythmics
- Dihydropyridine drugs, indicated for hypertension, are known as "Pine" drugs and include the mnemonic "Dip in your Cookie."
- Non-dihydropyridine drugs effective against atrial arrhythmias include Verapamil and Diltiazem.
- Other antiarrhythmics, referred to as "DAM," include Digoxin, Adenosine, and Magnesium Sulfate.
Mechanisms of Action
- Digoxin amplifies intracellular sodium (Na) leading to an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca), enhancing contractility and affecting conduction velocity in the SA/AV nodes.
- Adenosine induces a transient AV heart block, acting as a potent vasodilator with a half-life of 10 seconds, effective for acute SVT.
- Magnesium Sulfate is the drug of choice for Torsades de Pointes.
Cardiac Action Potential Phases
- Phase 0 represents rapid depolarization with fast sodium influx.
- Phase 1 is the early repolarization phase, characterized by a slow outflow of potassium combined with halted sodium influx.
- Phase 2 maintains a plateau of active inward calcium and outward potassium.
- Phase 3 corresponds to rapid repolarization with a swift outflux of potassium.
- Phase 4 signifies diastole and the functioning of the sodium-potassium pump, initiating pacemaker activity.
Contraindications and Side Effects
- Contraindications for ACE inhibitors are summarized as "PARK" (Pregnancy, Allergy/Angioedema, Renal artery stenosis, Hyperkalemia).
- Side effects of ACE inhibitors encapsulated in the mnemonic "CAPTOPRIL" include cough, angioedema, potassium excess, taste alterations, and hypotension, among others.
Treatment Protocols
- Treatment for CHF includes the acronym "UNLOAD FAST," indicating various supportive measures like positioning, nitrates, oxygen therapy, and diuretics.
- V-Tach treatment options summarized as "LAMB" encompass Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Mexiletine/MgSO4, and Beta-blockers.
- The toxicity effects of Amiodarone can be remembered using the mnemonic "BITCH" indicating bradycardia, lung disease, thyroid issues, ocular/cutaneous effects, and hepatic concerns.
Key Drugs of Choice
- Ibutilide, a class 3 potassium channel blocker, is the drug of choice for Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on anti-arrhythmic drug classes and their mechanisms of action with this quiz. Each flashcard provides key mnemonics and definitions to help you memorize critical information about Na blockers and various subclasses. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals preparing for exams.