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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mechanism of action of Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mnemonic for Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mnemonic for Class 1 antiarrhythmics?
Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please
Name the drugs in Class 1A.
Name the drugs in Class 1A.
Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide
What are the drugs classified as Class 1B?
What are the drugs classified as Class 1B?
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Which drugs are included in Class 1C?
Which drugs are included in Class 1C?
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What is the mechanism of action of Class 2 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mechanism of action of Class 2 antiarrhythmics?
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What is the mnemonic for Class 2 drugs?
What is the mnemonic for Class 2 drugs?
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List the Class 2 drugs.
List the Class 2 drugs.
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What is the mechanism of action of Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mechanism of action of Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
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What is the mnemonic for Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mnemonic for Class 3 antiarrhythmics?
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Name the drugs in Class 3.
Name the drugs in Class 3.
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What is the mechanism of action of Class 4 antiarrhythmics?
What is the mechanism of action of Class 4 antiarrhythmics?
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What are dihydropyridines indicated for?
What are dihydropyridines indicated for?
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What is the DOC for emergent SVT?
What is the DOC for emergent SVT?
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What is the DOC for Torsades de Points?
What is the DOC for Torsades de Points?
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What occurs during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential?
What occurs during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential?
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What occurs during Phase 1 of the cardiac action potential?
What occurs during Phase 1 of the cardiac action potential?
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Describe Phase 2 in the cardiac action potential.
Describe Phase 2 in the cardiac action potential.
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What happens during Phase 3 of the cardiac action potential?
What happens during Phase 3 of the cardiac action potential?
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What occurs during Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential?
What occurs during Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential?
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What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic PARK?
What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic PARK?
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What is a major side effect of ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic CAPTOPRIL?
What is a major side effect of ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic CAPTOPRIL?
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What does the mnemonic 'UNLOAD FAST' signify in the treatment of CHF?
What does the mnemonic 'UNLOAD FAST' signify in the treatment of CHF?
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What does the mnemonic 'LAMB' suggest for V-Tach Treatment?
What does the mnemonic 'LAMB' suggest for V-Tach Treatment?
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What is the toxicity mnemonic for Amiodarone?
What is the toxicity mnemonic for Amiodarone?
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What is the drug of choice for A-fib and A-flutter?
What is the drug of choice for A-fib and A-flutter?
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Study Notes
Anti-arrhythmic Classes and Mechanisms
- Class 1 antiarrhythmics primarily act as sodium (Na) channel blockers.
- Class 1 drugs can be categorized into three subtypes: 1A, 1B, and 1C.
- Class 1A drugs include Disopyramide, Quinidine, and Procainamide.
- Class 1B drugs consist of Lidocaine and Mexiletine.
- Class 1C drugs consist of Flecainide and Propafenone.
- Class 2 antiarrhythmics are beta-adrenergic blockers.
Mnemonics for Classifications
- Class 1 mnemonic: "Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please."
- Class 2 mnemonic: "Please Excuse Marry."
- Class 3 antiarrhythmics are potassium channel blockers.
- Class 3 mnemonic: "AIDS."
Specific Drug Classes
- Class 2 drugs include Propranolol, Esmolol, and Metoprolol.
- Class 3 drugs include Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Dronedarone, and Sotalol.
- Class 4 antiarrhythmics are calcium channel blockers.
Additional Sorting of Antiarrhythmics
- Dihydropyridine drugs, indicated for hypertension, are known as "Pine" drugs and include the mnemonic "Dip in your Cookie."
- Non-dihydropyridine drugs effective against atrial arrhythmias include Verapamil and Diltiazem.
- Other antiarrhythmics, referred to as "DAM," include Digoxin, Adenosine, and Magnesium Sulfate.
Mechanisms of Action
- Digoxin amplifies intracellular sodium (Na) leading to an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca), enhancing contractility and affecting conduction velocity in the SA/AV nodes.
- Adenosine induces a transient AV heart block, acting as a potent vasodilator with a half-life of 10 seconds, effective for acute SVT.
- Magnesium Sulfate is the drug of choice for Torsades de Pointes.
Cardiac Action Potential Phases
- Phase 0 represents rapid depolarization with fast sodium influx.
- Phase 1 is the early repolarization phase, characterized by a slow outflow of potassium combined with halted sodium influx.
- Phase 2 maintains a plateau of active inward calcium and outward potassium.
- Phase 3 corresponds to rapid repolarization with a swift outflux of potassium.
- Phase 4 signifies diastole and the functioning of the sodium-potassium pump, initiating pacemaker activity.
Contraindications and Side Effects
- Contraindications for ACE inhibitors are summarized as "PARK" (Pregnancy, Allergy/Angioedema, Renal artery stenosis, Hyperkalemia).
- Side effects of ACE inhibitors encapsulated in the mnemonic "CAPTOPRIL" include cough, angioedema, potassium excess, taste alterations, and hypotension, among others.
Treatment Protocols
- Treatment for CHF includes the acronym "UNLOAD FAST," indicating various supportive measures like positioning, nitrates, oxygen therapy, and diuretics.
- V-Tach treatment options summarized as "LAMB" encompass Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Mexiletine/MgSO4, and Beta-blockers.
- The toxicity effects of Amiodarone can be remembered using the mnemonic "BITCH" indicating bradycardia, lung disease, thyroid issues, ocular/cutaneous effects, and hepatic concerns.
Key Drugs of Choice
- Ibutilide, a class 3 potassium channel blocker, is the drug of choice for Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter.
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Description
Test your knowledge on anti-arrhythmic drug classes and their mechanisms of action with this quiz. Each flashcard provides key mnemonics and definitions to help you memorize critical information about Na blockers and various subclasses. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals preparing for exams.