Anti-arrhythmic Class Mnemonics

Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class 1 antiarrhythmics?

Ca blockers

Beta blockers

K blockers

Na blockers (correct)

What is the mnemonic for Class 1 antiarrhythmics?

Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please

Name the drugs in Class 1A.

Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide

What are the drugs classified as Class 1B?

Lidocaine, Mexiletine Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are included in Class 1C?

Flecainide, Propafenone Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class 2 antiarrhythmics?

Beta adrenoceptor blocking agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic for Class 2 drugs?

Please Excuse Marry Signup and view all the answers

List the Class 2 drugs.

Propranolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class 3 antiarrhythmics?

K blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic for Class 3 antiarrhythmics?

AIDS Signup and view all the answers

Name the drugs in Class 3.

Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Dronedarone, Sotalol Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Class 4 antiarrhythmics?

Ca channel blockers Signup and view all the answers

What are dihydropyridines indicated for?

Hypertension (HTN) Signup and view all the answers

What is the DOC for emergent SVT?

Adenosine Signup and view all the answers

What is the DOC for Torsades de Points?

Magnesium Sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential?

Rapid depolarization due to fast influx of Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Phase 1 of the cardiac action potential?

Beginning of early repolarization; slow outflow of K+ Signup and view all the answers

Describe Phase 2 in the cardiac action potential.

Slow inward Ca and slow outward K (the plateau) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Phase 3 of the cardiac action potential?

Rapid repolarization as K+ exits quickly Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Phase 4 of the cardiac action potential?

Sodium-potassium pump begins working (period of rest) Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic PARK?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a major side effect of ACE inhibitors represented by the mnemonic CAPTOPRIL?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'UNLOAD FAST' signify in the treatment of CHF?

Upright position, Nitrates, Lisinopril, Oxygen therapy, Aquapheresis, Digoxin, Furosemide, Arterial dilators, Sodium restriction, Theophylline Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'LAMB' suggest for V-Tach Treatment?

Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Mexiletine/MgSO4, Beta-Blocker/cardioversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxicity mnemonic for Amiodarone?

Bradycardia, Interstitial Lung Disease, Thyroid, Corneal/Cutaneous, Hepatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for A-fib and A-flutter?

Ibutilide Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anti-arrhythmic Classes and Mechanisms

Class 1 antiarrhythmics primarily act as sodium (Na) channel blockers.
Class 1 drugs can be categorized into three subtypes: 1A, 1B, and 1C.
Class 1A drugs include Disopyramide, Quinidine, and Procainamide.
Class 1B drugs consist of Lidocaine and Mexiletine.
Class 1C drugs consist of Flecainide and Propafenone.
Class 2 antiarrhythmics are beta-adrenergic blockers.

Mnemonics for Classifications

Class 1 mnemonic: "Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce Mayo, Fries please."
Class 2 mnemonic: "Please Excuse Marry."
Class 3 antiarrhythmics are potassium channel blockers.
Class 3 mnemonic: "AIDS."

Specific Drug Classes

Class 2 drugs include Propranolol, Esmolol, and Metoprolol.
Class 3 drugs include Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Dronedarone, and Sotalol.
Class 4 antiarrhythmics are calcium channel blockers.

Additional Sorting of Antiarrhythmics

Dihydropyridine drugs, indicated for hypertension, are known as "Pine" drugs and include the mnemonic "Dip in your Cookie."
Non-dihydropyridine drugs effective against atrial arrhythmias include Verapamil and Diltiazem.
Other antiarrhythmics, referred to as "DAM," include Digoxin, Adenosine, and Magnesium Sulfate.

Mechanisms of Action

Digoxin amplifies intracellular sodium (Na) leading to an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca), enhancing contractility and affecting conduction velocity in the SA/AV nodes.
Adenosine induces a transient AV heart block, acting as a potent vasodilator with a half-life of 10 seconds, effective for acute SVT.
Magnesium Sulfate is the drug of choice for Torsades de Pointes.

Cardiac Action Potential Phases

Phase 0 represents rapid depolarization with fast sodium influx.
Phase 1 is the early repolarization phase, characterized by a slow outflow of potassium combined with halted sodium influx.
Phase 2 maintains a plateau of active inward calcium and outward potassium.
Phase 3 corresponds to rapid repolarization with a swift outflux of potassium.
Phase 4 signifies diastole and the functioning of the sodium-potassium pump, initiating pacemaker activity.

Contraindications and Side Effects

Contraindications for ACE inhibitors are summarized as "PARK" (Pregnancy, Allergy/Angioedema, Renal artery stenosis, Hyperkalemia).
Side effects of ACE inhibitors encapsulated in the mnemonic "CAPTOPRIL" include cough, angioedema, potassium excess, taste alterations, and hypotension, among others.

Treatment Protocols

Treatment for CHF includes the acronym "UNLOAD FAST," indicating various supportive measures like positioning, nitrates, oxygen therapy, and diuretics.
V-Tach treatment options summarized as "LAMB" encompass Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Mexiletine/MgSO4, and Beta-blockers.
The toxicity effects of Amiodarone can be remembered using the mnemonic "BITCH" indicating bradycardia, lung disease, thyroid issues, ocular/cutaneous effects, and hepatic concerns.

Key Drugs of Choice

Ibutilide, a class 3 potassium channel blocker, is the drug of choice for Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter.

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Test your knowledge on anti-arrhythmic drug classes and their mechanisms of action with this quiz. Each flashcard provides key mnemonics and definitions to help you memorize critical information about Na blockers and various subclasses. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals preparing for exams.