Anti-Apartheid & Vietnam War Movements
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Questions and Answers

What was a significant act by the US Congress in June 1963 regarding military involvement in Vietnam?

  • The Vietnam War draft was abolished.
  • The Case-Church Amendment was signed. (correct)
  • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was passed.
  • The US entered into a peace treaty with Vietnam.

What event significantly escalated the ethnic violence in Rwanda in 1994?

  • The declaration of independence by the Tutsis.
  • The signing of a peace agreement.
  • The assassination of the Rwandan president. (correct)
  • The withdrawal of UN peacekeepers.

How did the public reaction in the United States influence the Vietnam War?

  • The public remained indifferent to the war's progress.
  • Opposition to the war resulted in a quick victory.
  • Public support led to increased troop deployments.
  • Negative sentiment forced leaders to alter foreign policy. (correct)

What was the result of the military actions in Vietnam by April 1975?

<p>Northern forces captured Saigon, leading to reunification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limited the effectiveness of General Romeo Dallaire's peacekeeping efforts in Rwanda?

<p>The refusal of the UN to support an increase in troops. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was primarily responsible for leading the struggle against apartheid in South Africa?

<p>African National Congress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did international opinion play in the Anti-Apartheid Movement?

<p>Countries imposed sanctions and embargos. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was Nelson Mandela released from prison?

<p>1990 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ANC's initial approach to combatting apartheid?

<p>Law and civil disobedience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event did Mandela and other ANC leaders face in 1964?

<p>Trial for plotting to overthrow the government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the American involvement in the Vietnam War by 1963?

<p>Increased American casualties and protests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was President of the United States during the significant escalation of the Vietnam War?

<p>Lyndon Johnson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of the anti-war movement in the early years of American involvement in Vietnam?

<p>It began primarily among academics at universities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The African National Congress (ANC)

The African National Congress (ANC) was a key organization in the fight against apartheid in South Africa. It was a liberation movement that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination.

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was a prominent leader of the ANC, known for his commitment to ending apartheid. He started as a lawyer and became president of the ANC.

ANC's strategies in the fight against apartheid

The ANC initially focused on legal means like civil disobedience to fight apartheid. However, they later resorted to acts of violence in response to violent actions by the South African government.

International pressure on South Africa

International pressure played a role in the fight against apartheid. Countries imposed sanctions and embargoes on South Africa, limiting its trade and isolating it globally.

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Mandela's arrest and imprisonment

Mandela's arrest and imprisonment symbolized the struggle against apartheid. He was arrested for his actions and sentenced to five years of hard labor.

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Mandela's release and the ANC's legalisation

Apartheid declined and Mandela was eventually released from prison in 1990. The ANC was also allowed to operate freely in South Africa again.

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The 1994 election in South Africa

The 1994 election marked the end of apartheid. The ANC won the election and Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.

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US involvement in the Vietnam War

The US's involvement in the Vietnam War was a major turning point in American history. The war was controversial and led to significant protests.

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Impact of Media on Vietnam War

The use of television and newsmagazines to bring the reality of war directly into American homes during the Vietnam War, which shocked viewers and fueled anti-war sentiment.

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Anti-War Movement

The movement against the Vietnam War, driven by public sentiment and the impact of media coverage, which significantly influenced US foreign policy and led to the withdrawal of American troops.

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Rwandan Genocide

The Rwandan Genocide, a brutal campaign of violence against the Tutsi minority by the Hutu majority, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 people in 100 days.

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International Response to Rwandan Genocide

The failure of the international community, particularly the UN, to act decisively in response to the Rwandan Genocide despite warnings from UN peacekeeping forces on the ground.

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Romeo Dallaire

The Canadian general leading UN peacekeeping forces in Rwanda, who saw the potential for violence and pleaded for increased troops and authority to address the escalating crisis, but was repeatedly denied.

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Study Notes

Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa

  • Black South Africans fought apartheid through organizations like the ANC
  • Nelson Mandela, an ANC leader, initially used legal and civil disobedience, then violence in response to South African government actions
  • International pressure on South Africa included sanctions, trade reduction, loan refusals, and Olympic exclusion, isolating the country.
  • Mandela became a global symbol against apartheid and was arrested in 1962 for inciting a strike
  • Other ANC leaders were tried in 1964 for attempting violent overthrow.
  • In 1990, Mandela was freed from prison, and the ANC was allowed to operate again in South Africa.
  • The ANC won the first free interracial election in 1994, making Mandela the first black president.

The War Against the Vietnam War

  • The US deployed troops to South Vietnam in 1961 to support the Saigon government.
  • Increased American casualties and anti-war protests grew during Lyndon Johnson's presidency.
  • Johnson withdrew from public office in an attempt to end involvement.
  • Richard Nixon won the next election
  • Initially limited to academics, the anti-war movement expanded as American involvement increased, reaching over 500,000 troops by 1968 (drafted).
  • Television coverage brought the realities of the war to American homes.
  • The anti-war movement significantly influenced US foreign policy.
  • The Case-Church Amendment (1963) prohibited further intervention.
  • The war ended in 1975 with the fall of Saigon.

Rwanda

  • In 1994, an estimated 800,000 people were killed in 100 days of ethnic violence.
  • Rwanda's population is primarily Hutu and Tutsi.
  • The death of the Hutu Rwandan president (in plane crash) triggered a retaliatory attack on Tutsi population.
  • UN peacekeeping forces, led by Romeo Dallaire, were not adequately equipped to deal with the crisis and were reduced by the US.
  • The international community largely failed to intervene effectively.

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Description

Explore the global and domestic movements against apartheid in South Africa and the Vietnam War. Learn about key figures such as Nelson Mandela and the impact of international pressure on South Africa, alongside the rise of anti-war protests in the United States during the Vietnam War. This quiz covers major events, strategies, and outcomes from these significant historical movements.

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