Questions and Answers
Define anthropometry:
The measurement of body size, weight, and proportions. Among children, length, stature, weight, and head circumference are the most sensitive and commonly used anthropometric indicators of health.
What is the most important measurement in nutritional assessment?
Body weight.
How do you measure physical growth in persons from birth to age 20?
Using growth charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, categorized by age and sex.
Define overweight and obesity:
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Describe the 2 types of body fat distribution:
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Describe skinfold measurements:
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How is body composition assessed in young people?
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What is densitometry?
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What is air displacement plethysmography?
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How is total body water measured?
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How to calculate ideal body weight (IBW) using the Hamwi Method?
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How to calculate percentage of IBW/Desirable Body Weight (DBW)?
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How to calculate percent weight change?
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What is adjusted body weight in obese patients?
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How do we make adjustments for spinal cord injury?
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How do we make adjustments for amputations or missing body parts?
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Study Notes
Definition and Importance of Anthropometry
- Anthropometry measures body size, weight, and proportions, essential for assessing health, particularly in children.
- Key indicators include length, stature, weight, and head circumference.
Nutritional Assessment
- Body weight is crucial in nutritional assessments, measured with precise scales suitable for the subject.
Growth Measurement for Ages 0-20
- Growth charts by the CDC categorize physical growth by age and sex, facilitating the monitoring of development.
Overweight and Obesity Definitions
- Overweight refers to body weight exceeding a reference amount related to stature.
- Obesity indicates an excess of body fat relative to lean body mass.
Body Fat Distribution Types
- Upper body (android) fat distribution is linked to higher risks such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular issues.
- Lower body (gynoid) fat distribution is less associated with these risks.
Skinfold Measurements
- Skinfold thickness is the primary method for estimating body fat percentage, with triceps as the most common measurement site used in studies.
Body Composition in Youth
- Assessing body composition often involves measuring the sum of triceps and either subscapular or medial calf sites, which correlate well with body fatness.
Densitometry
- Densitometry measures body density, often through hydrostatic weighing, allowing calculation of body density when mass and volume are known.
Air Displacement Plethysmography
- This technique uses a specialized chamber to measure body volume, which aids in calculating body density and overall composition.
Total Body Water Measurement
- Total body water is measured using dilution techniques with tracers and analyzing their concentration in bodily fluids after equilibration.
Ideal Body Weight Calculation (Hamwi Method)
- Men: Start with 106 lbs for the first 5 feet, add 6 lbs for each inch above, deduct 6 lbs for height below 5 feet.
- Women: Start with 100 lbs for the first 5 feet, add 5 lbs for each inch above, deduct 5 lbs if below 5 feet.
- Allow +/- 10% to establish a healthy range.
Percentage of IBW/DBW Calculation
- % IDW = (current body weight / IBW) x 100; % UBW = (current weight / UBW) x 100.
- These percentages indicate weight status, categorized into mild, moderate, or severe deficits.
Percentage Weight Change Assessment
- % Weight Change = [(UBW - CBW) / UBW] x 100, indicates nutritional status based on significant weight loss.
Adjusted Body Weight (BW) in Obesity
- Adjusted BW adjustments for obesity lack scientific validation and are controversial; these calculations are excluded from official guidelines.
- Clinicians may use adjusted BW for estimating caloric needs in obese patients.
Adjustments for Spinal Cord Injury
- Knee height is estimated for stature in supine position; paraplegia adjustments are 5-10% and quadriplegia 10-15%.
- Specific formulas calculate stature for men and women based on knee height and age.
Adjustments for Amputations or Missing Body Parts
- Specific methods are utilized to adjust measurements based on the percentage of the body that has been lost or is missing.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of anthropometry in Chapter 6. This quiz covers definitions and essential measurements that are critical for nutritional assessment and health monitoring. Assess your understanding of anthropometric indicators and their importance in various populations.