Anthropometry Chapter 6 Quiz

Questions and Answers

Define anthropometry:

The measurement of body size, weight, and proportions. Among children, length, stature, weight, and head circumference are the most sensitive and commonly used anthropometric indicators of health.

What is the most important measurement in nutritional assessment?

Body weight.

How do you measure physical growth in persons from birth to age 20?

Using growth charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, categorized by age and sex.

Define overweight and obesity:

Overweight is a body weight above some reference weight, while obesity is an excess of body fat in relation to lean body mass. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the 2 types of body fat distribution:

Upper body (android) and lower body (gynoid) fat distribution. Signup and view all the answers

Describe skinfold measurements:

A method of indirectly estimating percent body fat by measuring the thickness of a double fold of skin and compressed subcutaneous adipose tissue, often at the tricep site. Signup and view all the answers

How is body composition assessed in young people?

By measuring the sum of two sites (triceps and subscapular or medial calf). Signup and view all the answers

What is densitometry?

A method that involves measuring the density of the entire body, usually by hydrostatic weighing. Signup and view all the answers

What is air displacement plethysmography?

A method of measuring body volume using a specially designed 2-chambered unit. Signup and view all the answers

How is total body water measured?

By dilution techniques where a tracer of known concentration is given to a subject and analyzed from blood, urine, or saliva. Signup and view all the answers

How to calculate ideal body weight (IBW) using the Hamwi Method?

For men, 106 lbs for 5 ft height plus 6 lbs for each additional inch. For women, 100 lbs for 5 ft plus 5 lbs for each additional inch. Signup and view all the answers

How to calculate percentage of IBW/Desirable Body Weight (DBW)?

% IBW = current body weight/IBW x 100%. Signup and view all the answers

How to calculate percent weight change?

% Weight Change = (UBW - CBW)/UBW x 100. Signup and view all the answers

What is adjusted body weight in obese patients?

It adjusts ideal body weight for obese patients but lacks scientific validation, so not included in ADA guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

How do we make adjustments for spinal cord injury?

Estimate knee height while standing, adjust stature based on paraplegia or quadriplegia. Signup and view all the answers

How do we make adjustments for amputations or missing body parts?

Adjust the percentage of body weight based on the missing body parts. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Importance of Anthropometry

Anthropometry measures body size, weight, and proportions, essential for assessing health, particularly in children.
Key indicators include length, stature, weight, and head circumference.

Nutritional Assessment

Body weight is crucial in nutritional assessments, measured with precise scales suitable for the subject.

Growth Measurement for Ages 0-20

Growth charts by the CDC categorize physical growth by age and sex, facilitating the monitoring of development.

Overweight and Obesity Definitions

Overweight refers to body weight exceeding a reference amount related to stature.
Obesity indicates an excess of body fat relative to lean body mass.

Body Fat Distribution Types

Upper body (android) fat distribution is linked to higher risks such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular issues.
Lower body (gynoid) fat distribution is less associated with these risks.

Skinfold Measurements

Skinfold thickness is the primary method for estimating body fat percentage, with triceps as the most common measurement site used in studies.

Body Composition in Youth

Assessing body composition often involves measuring the sum of triceps and either subscapular or medial calf sites, which correlate well with body fatness.

Densitometry

Densitometry measures body density, often through hydrostatic weighing, allowing calculation of body density when mass and volume are known.

Air Displacement Plethysmography

This technique uses a specialized chamber to measure body volume, which aids in calculating body density and overall composition.

Total Body Water Measurement

Total body water is measured using dilution techniques with tracers and analyzing their concentration in bodily fluids after equilibration.

Ideal Body Weight Calculation (Hamwi Method)

Men: Start with 106 lbs for the first 5 feet, add 6 lbs for each inch above, deduct 6 lbs for height below 5 feet.
Women: Start with 100 lbs for the first 5 feet, add 5 lbs for each inch above, deduct 5 lbs if below 5 feet.
Allow +/- 10% to establish a healthy range.

Percentage of IBW/DBW Calculation

% IDW = (current body weight / IBW) x 100; % UBW = (current weight / UBW) x 100.
These percentages indicate weight status, categorized into mild, moderate, or severe deficits.

Percentage Weight Change Assessment

% Weight Change = [(UBW - CBW) / UBW] x 100, indicates nutritional status based on significant weight loss.

Adjusted Body Weight (BW) in Obesity

Adjusted BW adjustments for obesity lack scientific validation and are controversial; these calculations are excluded from official guidelines.
Clinicians may use adjusted BW for estimating caloric needs in obese patients.

Adjustments for Spinal Cord Injury

Knee height is estimated for stature in supine position; paraplegia adjustments are 5-10% and quadriplegia 10-15%.
Specific formulas calculate stature for men and women based on knee height and age.

Adjustments for Amputations or Missing Body Parts

Specific methods are utilized to adjust measurements based on the percentage of the body that has been lost or is missing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of anthropometry in Chapter 6. This quiz covers definitions and essential measurements that are critical for nutritional assessment and health monitoring. Assess your understanding of anthropometric indicators and their importance in various populations.