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Questions and Answers
What does static anthropometry specifically measure?
What does static anthropometry specifically measure?
Which of the following best describes ergonomics?
Which of the following best describes ergonomics?
What does the concept of proxemics study?
What does the concept of proxemics study?
How long is a person's shoulder width in relation to their head dimensions?
How long is a person's shoulder width in relation to their head dimensions?
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Which personal territory is characterized by a range of 2 to 4 feet?
Which personal territory is characterized by a range of 2 to 4 feet?
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What is the primary focus of Furnicube?
What is the primary focus of Furnicube?
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Who is credited with introducing the term 'Proxemics'?
Who is credited with introducing the term 'Proxemics'?
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What type of space is defined as comprising movable objects and flexible arrangements?
What type of space is defined as comprising movable objects and flexible arrangements?
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What phase of the design process focuses on giving individual attention to each aspect and detail of the project?
What phase of the design process focuses on giving individual attention to each aspect and detail of the project?
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Which architectural movement counteracts the plainness of Modern Architecture by using contextual forces?
Which architectural movement counteracts the plainness of Modern Architecture by using contextual forces?
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What architectural principle focuses on designing buildings based on their intended purpose?
What architectural principle focuses on designing buildings based on their intended purpose?
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Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Deconstructivism?
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Deconstructivism?
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Who designed the Salk Institute, regarded as a significant example of Modern Architecture?
Who designed the Salk Institute, regarded as a significant example of Modern Architecture?
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What is the architectural movement characterized by themes of the future and contemporary concepts?
What is the architectural movement characterized by themes of the future and contemporary concepts?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of Character in architectural design?
Which of the following is NOT a type of Character in architectural design?
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Which architectural movement emerged from the wider constructivist art movement?
Which architectural movement emerged from the wider constructivist art movement?
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What is the contribution of Vitrivius to architectural theory?
What is the contribution of Vitrivius to architectural theory?
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Which principle of balance is not one of the three recognized types?
Which principle of balance is not one of the three recognized types?
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In human body measurements, the height of an average man is approximately how many heads tall?
In human body measurements, the height of an average man is approximately how many heads tall?
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Proxemics in space planning primarily refers to which aspect?
Proxemics in space planning primarily refers to which aspect?
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Which of the following principles refers to the harmonious relationship of parts to a whole?
Which of the following principles refers to the harmonious relationship of parts to a whole?
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What element is NOT typically considered when discussing ergonomics in architecture?
What element is NOT typically considered when discussing ergonomics in architecture?
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Character in design suggests which of the following attributes?
Character in design suggests which of the following attributes?
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Which type of contrast exemplifies variation in visual weight or prominence?
Which type of contrast exemplifies variation in visual weight or prominence?
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Study Notes
Anthropometrics
- The study of human dimensions
- Static anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual at rest
- Functional anthropometrics is the measurement of abilities related to completing tasks
- Ergonomics is the science of making the work environment safer and more comfortable for workers using design and anthropometric data
- Anthropometrical data is used to determine the size, shape and/or form of a product, making it more comfortable for humans to use and easier to use
- The shoulder of a man is 2 heads long
- The full length of both arms is equivalent to the height of a man
- "Furnicube" is derived from the words "furniture" and "cube", aims to find a formula for comfortable height for individuals
Proxemics
- Proxemics is the study of the distance individuals maintain between each other in social interaction
- Personal distance is used for interactions among good friends or family members
- Informal people's personal space travels around with them, determining the personal distance among people
- The Kinesthetic Factor deals with the proximity of participants to touching, including physical contact, and body part positioning
- Personal space ranges from 2 to 4 feet and is used among friends and family members
- Physical territory refers to the arrangement of space, such as desks facing the front of a classroom rather than towards a center isle
- Proxemics can be used to convey attitude or personality, for example a manager speaking with an employee side by side at a table, rather than from behind a large desk
- Edward Hall introduced the term 'Proxemics'
- Intimate space ranges out to one foot and involves a high probability of touching
- Semi-fixed-feature space comprises movable objects, like mobile furniture, while fixed-furniture is a fixed feature
Design Phases
- Schematic design phase outlines an ideal set of relationships among elements within an architect's control focusing on high-level design
- During Design Development Phase, individual attention is given to each aspect, space, and detail
- The Construction document phase shifts from design to communicating the design and providing all information necessary for construction
- The Design Process includes additional spatial requirements for mechanical rooms, structural columns, storage, circulation space, wall thicknesses, and other aspects not anticipated during the initial building program
Architectural Movements
- Critical Regionalism aims to counteract the plainness of Modern Architecture by using contextual forces to create a sense of place and meaning
- Late Modern or Structural Expressionism emerged in the 1970s and incorporates elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design
- The Salk Institute complex in La Jolla, California is an example of Modern Architecture
- New York Palace is an example of Eclecticism
- Deconstructivism, characterized by fragmentation, manipulation of surfaces, and non-rectilinear shapes, is a movement that emphasizes distorting architectural elements
- Constructivism, derived from the wider constructivist art movement and Russian Futurism, utilizes geometric forms and industrial materials
- Roger Stevens Building at the University of Leeds is an example of Brutalism
- Rationalism is based on architectural theory and Vitruvius' principles, focusing on the rational comprehension of architecture as a science
- Functionalism states that architectural design should be based on the function of the building
- Futurism is a social movement that emphasizes themes associated with the future
Pioneer Architects
- Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe referred to his buildings as "Skin & Bone"
- Frank Lloyd Wright is the architect of Fallingwater
Elements of Form
- A Point indicates a position in space
- A Plane defines the limits or boundaries of a volume
- A Horizontal Line represents stability of the ground plane, the horizon, or the body at rest
- A Line is a mark on the surface that describes a shape, outline, or edge
- A Vertical Line expresses equilibrium with the force of gravity
- An Oblique Line is a derivation from the vertical line falling or the horizontal line rising
- A Void is a space contained and enacted by a plane
- A Line is characteristically taut, bold, and graceful
- Points occur where several planes come together
- A Solid is a space displaced mass
Primary Elements of Form
- A Line is the product or result of two intersecting planes
- A Point has no direction and is static
- A Line can show direction
- The floor plan of a house is considered the Base Plane
- A Line is used in linking or joining two visual elements in architectural design
- We do not manipulate the Base plane, Overhead plane, or Wall plane in architectural design
- A square becomes a volume when given length and direction
- A Volume has three measurements
- A room, floor plan or house is space defined by walls, floors, and ceilings
- Lines can represent elements that define space, such as a colonnade, railing, or post
Basic Principles of Design
- Movement is the basis of rhythm
- Character is not a type of character in architecture
- The Golden Section is a perfect rectangle
- The three types of balance are Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, and Gravitational
- Hierarchy implies that real differences exist among the forms and spaces in architectural compositions
- Scale refers to how we perceive the size of a building
- Surface is not a principle of design composition
- Types of contrast include contrast of tone, contrast of line, and contrast of size
- Proportion refers to the harmonious relationship between parts and the whole
- Character suggests expressiveness in a design
Anthropometrics/ Ergonomics
- Anthropometry comes from the Greek words "Anthropos" and "metron"
- The height of a man is approximately 7.85 or 8 heads
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essentials of anthropometrics and proxemics. Explore concepts such as static and functional anthropometry, ergonomics, and personal space in social interactions. Understand how these fields apply to design and comfort in various environments.
