Anthropology: Material vs Non-Material Culture
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Questions and Answers

What term describes someone who is attracted to multiple types of gender?

  • Bisexual
  • Asexual
  • Heterosexual
  • Polysexual (correct)

    • Which term refers to individuals who do not match their biological identity as male or female?

  • Homosexual
  • Pansexual
  • Transgender (correct)
  • Asexual

    • What characteristic defines asexuality?

  • Attraction to both sexes
  • Attraction to multiple genders
  • Attraction to the opposite sex
  • Not being attracted to any sex (correct)

    • Which of the following reflects early human beliefs in the supernatural?

    <p>Early human art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of religion has been a universal preoccupation of humans for approximately 60,000 years?

    <p>Supernatural beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by culture being continuous and cumulative?

    <p>Culture evolves and is maintained through generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes symbols in culture?

    <p>They carry meanings recognized by a shared culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates cultural values?

    <p>General guidelines for social living, such as hospitality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adaptive culture mean?

    <p>Culture evolves in response to societal needs and changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do beliefs play in culture?

    <p>Beliefs encompass communicative forms using language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is culture described as gratifying and idealistic?

    <p>Culture allows individuals to satisfy goals and demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a characteristic of culture being dynamic?

    <p>Culture can undergo transformations over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of cultural symbols?

    <p>The crescent shape represents Islam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anthropology' primarily study?

    <p>The study of human beings and their origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes non-material culture?

    <p>Intangible aspects such as beliefs and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Henry Otley Beyer and what did he study?

    <p>An ethnologist who documented Filipino traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of material culture?

    <p>Food, clothing, and buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does political science relate to individual decisions?

    <p>It analyzes how collective decisions can affect personal choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best encompasses elements like beliefs and traditions in culture?

    <p>Non-material culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of culture is included in the study of anthropology?

    <p>Human behavior and societal systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance does the study of culture have in social sciences?

    <p>It helps understand the common elements of various cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symbol signifies the ideology of a particular culture?

    <p>Cultural Symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basis for human classification based on race?

    <p>Intellectual ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of symbols in human societies?

    <p>To transfer culture and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories of race corresponds to individuals of East Asian origin?

    <p>Mongoloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symbols are commonly used in various media to express political viewpoints?

    <p>Political Symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of economic symbol?

    <p>Currency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human classification is based on observable physical traits?

    <p>Racial classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do symbols play in preserving traditions?

    <p>They facilitate intergenerational knowledge transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between incarceration rates and race as noted?

    <p>All black men were six times as likely as all white men to be incarcerated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a challenge faced by black men?

    <p>Increased job opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts best describes society?

    <p>A community with common territory and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a cultural symbol in the Philippines?

    <p>National Anthem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of definition describes society as a complex group interacting in reciprocal relationships?

    <p>Functional Definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a cultural practice in the Philippines?

    <p>Obando Festival in Bulacan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these elements is a NOT a cultural symbol?

    <p>Economic theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'socius' refer to in relation to society?

    <p>A companion or associate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anthropology

    • Derived from Greek words: Anthropos (humans) and Logos (study).
    • Focuses on all aspects of humans, including origins, patterns, systems, and material possessions.
    • Non-material culture consists of intangible elements like ideas and beliefs.
    • Material culture includes tangible objects, such as food, clothing, and technology.

    Key Anthropologist

    • Henry Otley Betita:
      • American ethnologist who studied Filipino indigenous culture.
      • Documented Ifugao traditions.

    Political Science

    • Originates from the Greek word Polis (city-state).
    • Examines politics, government, and power dynamics within societies.
    • Highlights the influence of collective community decisions on individual actions.
    • Practices like "Mano Po" and "Bayanihan" demonstrate cultural practices tied to political structures.

    Elements of Culture

    • Transmission: Culture is passed down through generations within a society.
    • Continuity: Culture is an endless process, adapting to changes over time.
    • Gratification: Fulfills individual needs and societal goals.
    • Dynamic: Culture evolves and may differ across societies.
    • Flexible: Adapts according to situational needs.
    • Adaptive: Changes according to environmental and societal circumstances.

    Cultural Symbols

    • Convey meanings recognized by members of a culture.
    • Examples include religious symbols like the cross for Christianity and the crescent for Islam.

    Culture and Beliefs

    • Values: Standards for assessing desirability and goodness.
      • Include traits like hospitality, resiliency, and family ties.
    • Language: Essential for communication; conveys cultural ideas and traditions.
    • Beliefs: Include practices and communicative forms that convey cultural messages.

    Sexual Orientation Definitions

    • Homosexual: Attracted to the same sex.
    • Bisexual: Attracted to both sexes.
    • Asexual: Not attracted to any sex.
    • Pansexual: Attracted to all genders.
    • Transgender: Gender identity doesn’t align with biological sex.

    Racial Categories

    • Based on observable traits, major racial groups include:
      • Mongoloid (East Asian origin)
      • Caucasoid (European origin)
      • Australoid (Aboriginal Australians)
      • Negroid (Dark-skinned individuals)

    Effects of Discrimination

    • Differences in skin color, body frame, and other traits can lead to discrimination.
    • The 2013 Pew Research Center study noted disparities in incarceration rates between Black and White men.

    Society Concept

    • Derived from Latin societas, meaning companionship.
    • Comprises groups with shared territory, interaction, and culture.
    • Society involves complex patterns of relationships and norms.

    Definitions of Society

    • Functional Definition: A complex group of interrelated individuals facilitating human coexistence (e.g., families, schools).
    • Symbolism in Culture: Utilizes objects, gestures, and expressions to convey cultural identity.

    Cultural Symbols in the Philippines

    • Foster unity and promote identity through symbols like the Philippine Flag, National Anthem, and Jeepney.

    Religious Practices in the Philippines

    • Obando Festival: Celebrated for fertility.
    • Panaad sa Camiguin: Represents an act of penance and pilgrimage.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating distinctions between material and non-material elements of culture in anthropology. This quiz examines the aspects of human study, focusing on tangible objects and intangible concepts. Test your knowledge and understanding of these fundamental components of culture.

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