Anthropology: Indigenous Knowledge in Tribal Culture

Rampant exploitation of natural resources.

Technology

Ecological debt.

<p>Ecological crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant negotiation and struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The voices of local communities are often unheard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure on natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They view it as not only sustenance, but also how they construct their worldview.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased pressure on natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacred grooves and sacred forests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agricultural activities, food security, and waste management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization is one of the external threats that is eroding indigenous knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The non-transfer of knowledge to younger generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of sacred sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text describes indigenous knowledge as vulnerable to many factors including globalization and privatization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing population pressures and other factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short fallow periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving non-traditional jhooming or integration of traditional knowledge into planning and policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crop rotation and organic waste management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of chemical fertilizers and high yielding varieties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conserving forest and natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mokhi is the head; they supervise forest management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timber and other forest products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Kesar Chidkav' ritual involved members of the VSS sprinkling sacred saffron from the Kesariya ji temple on the forest, accompanied by other rituals. This act was intended to symbolize the closure of the forest and invoke divine protection, deterring people from violating the closure and ensuring the forest's recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chipko movement was primarily driven by the threat posed by commercial felling of trees by contractors, which endangered the socio-economic and cultural lives of the hill people. The movement aimed to protect the fragile ecosystem and the livelihoods of the local communities, particularly women, who were intrinsically linked to the forest's resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chipko movement, through the active participation of local communities, particularly women, highlighted the crucial role of community participation in protecting the environment. It brought to the forefront the issue of commercial forestry and raised awareness about the interconnectedness of environmental issues and societal well-being worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women in the panchayat took the initiative to encourage the planting of broadleaf trees, aiming to increase oxygen levels and combat climate change. This action reflects their proactive role in environmental conservation and their understanding of the connection between trees and a healthy environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The VSS, by implementing the 'Kesar Chidkav' ritual and declaring a seven-year closure of the forest, successfully controlled forest degradation. The ritual, rooted in religious beliefs, served as a powerful deterrent, reinforcing the ecological concerns through religious sanctions. This integrated approach effectively protected the forest and its resources, demonstrating the potential of combining cultural traditions and environmental consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local people, especially rural women, were directly affected by the exploitation of forest resources and understood the importance of the forest for their livelihoods. Their participation was crucial as they brought firsthand knowledge of the local ecology and environmental issues. Their collective actions, driven by their dependence on the forest, played a significant role in garnering support for the movement and ultimately protecting the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chipko movement highlighted that environmental issues are not isolated events but are intricately connected to the well-being of communities and individuals. The movement demonstrated that local communities, particularly women, can effectively address environmental challenges when empowered to participate in decision-making processes for their own ecosystem. This understanding gained international recognition, influencing global environmental movements and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The examples illustrate how the integration of religious beliefs, community participation, and traditional knowledge can be crucial for successful forest conservation. The VSS's 'Kesar Chidkav' ritual and the Chipko movement demonstrate how local communities can act as stewards of their environment, effectively protecting their resources and raising awareness about the interconnectedness of human well-being and a healthy ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neem leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'machan' or elevated platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They observe ants moving to safer places with their eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farm-based manure and green manure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A paste of Bael</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixed dose of turmeric, ginger, and garlic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pipal and Tulsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nepalese alder and bamboo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She educated other women in sustainable community farming to combat land degradation and migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their work improved the land's cultivability, which led to increased prosperity and food security for the village.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lion population rose by 27% to 523 in 2015, up from 411 in 2010.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farmers support lions by protecting them from poachers and mitigating conflicts while benefiting from lions controlling crop-destroying wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local communities have a significant role in conserving wildlife, which ensures the success of conservation approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges included heavy losses in farming, dry land, land grabbing, and migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They built parapet walls and practiced non-retaliation towards lions that prey on cattle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connection and dependency between humans, wildlife, natural resources, and biodiversity must be recognized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The current state of the world, where there is a crisis in the environment and concerns are being raised about the negative effects of development projects.

Programs designed to improve different aspects of a country, such as health, education, and poverty reduction.

The impact of development programs on the environment, which often leads to a depletion of natural resources.

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Countries that are working towards improving their economies and living standards but face challenges in managing their natural resources.

The process of using and exploiting natural resources for economic gains, which can have significant consequences for the environment.

The complex and interconnected issues that developing countries deal with, such as managing natural resources and dealing with global pressures.

Negotiations and efforts made by countries to find a balance between development and environmental protection.

The understanding of the natural world, practices, and beliefs passed down through generations within a community, specifically in relation to how they interact with their environment.

The unique relationship between a community's cultural practices, religious beliefs, and their protection of specific natural resources, often viewed as sacred or having spiritual significance.

The application of indigenous knowledge for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the long-term viability of natural resources.

The vulnerabilities faced by indigenous knowledge systems due to factors like globalization, development projects, and modernizing trends.

The idea that Indigenous knowledge is essential for making informed decisions about natural resource management.

The impact of modern concepts like private property, development programs, and modernization on traditional beliefs and practices.

The challenges faced in transferring indigenous knowledge to younger generations.

The practice of respecting and appreciating Indigenous knowledge and its values in environmental management and policy making.

A traditional agricultural practice in Tripura where land is cleared and farmed for a short period before being left fallow for a longer period, allowing the soil to recover.

A type of agriculture in Tripura that involves shorter fallow periods compared to traditional jhooming, leading to unsustainable practices.

The gradual decline in agricultural practices that are passed down through generations due to changes in the environment or outside influences.

A traditional system of agriculture in Ladakh, India, characterized by practices like crop rotation, organic waste management, and livestock use for plowing and threshing, leading to high-quality yields.

The use of synthetic chemical fertilizers in agriculture.

Plant varieties developed through selective breeding to increase yields.

A village-based institution in Rajasthan, India, that focuses on conservation and management of forest resources.

A traditional leader in a village who oversees the management of forest resources.

A religious practice used by the VSS to protect a forest in India. It involved sprinkling saffron from a temple on the forest, accompanied by rituals, and was believed to be divinely enforced, deterring trespassers and protecting the environment.

A social movement in India where local women protested against deforestation and exploitation of forest resources. They emphasized the importance of protecting the environment for their livelihoods and the future.

The idea that local communities, especially women, should actively participate in managing and protecting their environment. This emphasizes empowering local communities to build sustainable practices.

The practice of planting broadleaf trees to increase oxygen levels in the atmosphere. This is a sustainable and environmentally friendly practice.

A traditional agricultural technique used by tribal communities in Northeast India, involving clearing land by burning vegetation, growing crops for a few years, and then letting the land fallow to recover. This method is also known as slash and burn.

A type of tree that helps improve soil fertility in the northeastern hills of India. It is a member of the alder family and known for its nitrogen-fixing abilities.

A versatile plant used in traditional agro-ecosystem management for its role in conserving potassium and phosphorus. They are also known for their role in soil fertility and food production.

The practice of using neem leaves to protect stored grains from insects and pests. It is a traditional method used for natural pest control.

A traditional method for predicting weather patterns, where farmers observe the behavior of ants to anticipate heavy rain.

A technique used by local farmers to protect crops from wild animals and birds. An elevated platform is constructed using natural materials to keep animals away.

The use of natural methods like farm-based manure and green manure to enhance soil fertility and food quality, instead of chemical fertilizers.

A natural remedy used by farmers to reduce shoulder pain in working oxen using a paste made from a specific fruit.

The practice of farming in a way that protects the environment and allows for the long-term sustainability of the land.

A group of people who work together to improve their lives and community, often focusing on shared resources.

The act of taking land away from its rightful owners, often through unfair or illegal means.

The displacement of people from their homes, often due to factors like poverty, conflict, or environmental degradation.

The mutually beneficial relationship between humans and wildlife, where both parties benefit from their interactions.

A tribe of people who traditionally work as cattle herders and farmers, often living near forested areas.

The preservation and protection of wildlife populations and their habitats.

A system of interconnected elements, including living organisms and their physical environment, that interact and function together.