Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where was Homo erectus ('Java Man') found?
Where was Homo erectus ('Java Man') found?
Who collected the fossil records of Java Man in the 1890s?
Who collected the fossil records of Java Man in the 1890s?
Which tool is associated with Homo erectus in Java?
Which tool is associated with Homo erectus in Java?
Who branched from Homo Neanderthals around 400,000 years ago?
Who branched from Homo Neanderthals around 400,000 years ago?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of stone tools were found associated with Homo floresiensis?
What type of stone tools were found associated with Homo floresiensis?
Signup and view all the answers
From which region were early stone tools found associated with an almost-complete disarticulated skeleton of a rhinoceros?
From which region were early stone tools found associated with an almost-complete disarticulated skeleton of a rhinoceros?
Signup and view all the answers
During the Pleistocene, what characterized the Glacial periods in ISEA?
During the Pleistocene, what characterized the Glacial periods in ISEA?
Signup and view all the answers
What event marked the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) approximately 20,000 years ago?
What event marked the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) approximately 20,000 years ago?
Signup and view all the answers
At what point in time did Borneo separate from Peninsular Malaysia?
At what point in time did Borneo separate from Peninsular Malaysia?
Signup and view all the answers
What theory explains the dispersal of 'archaic' humans and anatomically modern humans from Africa to ISEA?
What theory explains the dispersal of 'archaic' humans and anatomically modern humans from Africa to ISEA?
Signup and view all the answers
What led to the inundation of Sundaland around 15,000 years ago?
What led to the inundation of Sundaland around 15,000 years ago?
Signup and view all the answers
What separated Java and Sumatra around 10,000 years ago in the Pleistocene?
What separated Java and Sumatra around 10,000 years ago in the Pleistocene?
Signup and view all the answers
What types of stone tools were mainly found in Cagayan (northern Luzon) dating back 4000-5000 years ago?
What types of stone tools were mainly found in Cagayan (northern Luzon) dating back 4000-5000 years ago?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a material used for making bone tools?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a material used for making bone tools?
Signup and view all the answers
Among the listed animals, which one was NOT a part of the subsistence for early humans in the region?
Among the listed animals, which one was NOT a part of the subsistence for early humans in the region?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following sites is associated with an early record of modern humans using stone tools?
Which of the following sites is associated with an early record of modern humans using stone tools?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the main purpose of bone tools fashioned into points, scraping and piercing tools, and fishing gorge?
What was the main purpose of bone tools fashioned into points, scraping and piercing tools, and fishing gorge?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of shell tool was primarily used for sawing, scraping, and chiseling based on the text?
Which type of shell tool was primarily used for sawing, scraping, and chiseling based on the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of plants were consumed by Phalanger orientalis?
What type of plants were consumed by Phalanger orientalis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which marine species were mentioned as part of the diet of the Papua New Guinea inhabitants?
Which marine species were mentioned as part of the diet of the Papua New Guinea inhabitants?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the presence of a high proportion of pelagic species indicate according to the text?
What did the presence of a high proportion of pelagic species indicate according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of symbolic behavior was depicted in the rock art of Borneo and Sulawesi?
What kind of symbolic behavior was depicted in the rock art of Borneo and Sulawesi?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the significance of red color in the artifacts discovered in Niah cave?
What was the significance of red color in the artifacts discovered in Niah cave?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of ornaments were found in the archaeological sites mentioned in the text?
What type of ornaments were found in the archaeological sites mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Climate and Environment
- The Pleistocene era was characterized by oscillating climates, with glacial periods (cool and arid) and interglacial periods (warm and humid) globally.
- Glacial periods in ISEA had an average temperature of 5 to 6 degrees Celsius, marked by a huge expansion in icecaps and glaciers.
- The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) lowered the current sea level to about 130 meters around 20,000 years ago.
Lower Pleistocene (2.5 million-750,000 years ago)
- Hominin Record: Homo erectus ("Java Man") found in the island of Java, Indonesia, dated to 1.8-1.6 million years ago.
- Theories on the classification of Java Man: Derived from African Homo erectus, belongs to an Asian Homo erectus, connected to African Australopithecines, or from a population of African Homo.
- Fossil records of Java Man, collected by Eugene Dubois in the 1890s.
- Technology: Stone tools associated with Homo erectus in Java are mainly simple cores and flakes, with two types: Oldowan and Acheulian.
Middle Pleistocene (750,000-125,000 years ago)
- Hominin Record: Homo erectus (found in Ngandong, Sambungmacan, and Ngawi), Homo floresiensis (100,000 to 50,000 years ago), and Denisovans (branched from Homo Neanderthals around 400,000 years ago).
- Perspectives on Homo floresiensis: A new species, dwarfed Homo erectus, dwarfed Homo sapiens, or species with distant Australopithecine connection.
- Technology: Homo floresiensis stone tools include flakes, points, perforators, blades, and microblades.
- Early stone tools from Kalinga (northern Philippines) date back to 700,000 years ago.
Upper Pleistocene (125,000-11,700 years ago)
- Hominin Record: Homo luzonensis (67,000 years old), Homo sapiens sapiens (100 years ago).
- Sites with early records of modern humans: Niah Cave, Sarawak (42,000-35,000 years ago), Lida Ajer Cave, Sumatra (73,000-63,000 years ago), Tabon Cave, Palawan (47,000-31,000 years ago).
- Technology: Stone tools, mainly simple flakes for scraping, cutting wood and bone, cutting or scraping tree resin, and working soft plant material.
- Bone tools: bone and pig tusk fashioned into points and scraping and piercing tools, bone fishing gorge, and hafted composite bone projectiles.
- Marine shell tools: knapped operculum, clam shell tools used for sawing, scraping, and chiseling, and conus shell fashioned into fishhook.
- Subsistence: Wild animals, including bearded pigs, warty pigs, orangutan, macaques, langurs, sambar deer, pangolin, and rhinoceros.
- Symbolic Behavior: Rock art, human burial, importance of red color, and ornaments made from animal bones and stones.
Philippine Palaeolithic
- Callao Cave, Cagayan: Homo luzonensis.
- Tabon Cave, Palawan: Anatomically modern human.
- Illin Cave, Mindoro: early foraging societies in the Philippines.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the prehistory of the Philippines focusing on the Philippine Palaeolithic period, regional context, climate, environment, and cultural chronology. This quiz covers topics such as Lower Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, Upper Pleistocene, and environmental changes throughout history.
