18 Questions
What is the key difference between the egocentric and sociocentric views of the self?
In the egocentric view, the self is seen as autonomous and distinct, while in the sociocentric view, the self is seen as contingent on social setting.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that promotes cultural diversity according to the text?
Economic development
What is the defining characteristic of the 'Culture of Poverty' according to the text?
Learned ways of life of the poor, a vicious cycle of deprivation and want transmitted from one generation to the next
Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of 'Pop Culture' in the Philippines according to the text?
Music: OPM songs
What is the defining characteristic of the 'Culture of Conspicuous Consumption' according to the text?
Excessive and conspicuous consumption by the super rich
What is the defining characteristic of the 'Culture of Exploitation and Dehumanization' according to the text?
Socially entrenched patterns of abusive and exploitative practices by the moneyed and power-wielding members of society against the culturally deprived and materially disadvantaged
What does Edward Taylor define as the customary ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that are transmitted from one generation to another?
Culture
What term refers to the artifacts, tools, and objects made from tools?
Material culture
Which of the following is NOT a component of non-material culture?
Artifacts
What term refers to the negative form of mores?
Taboos
What is the process by which societies of different cultures are modified through fairly close and long-continued contact?
Acculturation
What term refers to the intermarriage of persons coming from different cultural groups, resulting in some kind of biological fusion?
Amalgamation
What does the word 'anthropos' mean?
Human
Which branch of anthropology deals with the origins, history, and development of human culture?
Cultural Anthropology
Who is considered the founder of cultural anthropology?
Edward Taylor
What does the term 'culture' encompass?
Knowledge, belief, art, moral laws, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society
What are the two general subdivisions of anthropology mentioned in the text?
Physical Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology
What is the primary focus of anthropology?
Both studying human cultures and human populations across time and space
Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- Human development and growth are influenced by interactions with external reality
- The example of Tarzan illustrates the impact of environment on human development
- Anthropology studies human populations across time and the world, dealing with cultural and biological similarities and variations
Subfields of Anthropology
- Physical Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropology, founded by Edward Taylor, which includes archaeology, ethnology, ethnography, and linguistics
Culture
- Defined by Edward Taylor as a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, art, moral laws, customs, and habits acquired by humans as members of society
- Components of culture:
- Material Culture: artifacts, tools, objects made from tools (e.g., museum exhibits)
- Non-Material Culture:
- Norms (folkways, mores, taboos, laws, sanctions, and social control)
- Ideas, Beliefs, Values
- Symbols (Language)
Ways of Acquiring Culture
- Imitation: duplicating the behavior of others
- Indoctrination: formal teaching or training
- Conditioning: acquiring patterns of beliefs, values, and behaviors through systems of reward and punishment
- Acculturation: modification of cultures through close and long-term contact
- Amalgamation: intermarriage of people from different cultural groups, resulting in biological fusion
Cultural Diversity
- Refers to the wide range of differences in cultural patterns, ideas, beliefs, knowledge, forms of social organization, and practical responses to the environment
- Factors promoting cultural diversity: environment, isolation, technology, cultural themes, and diffusion
Symbolic Uses of Culture
- Culture of Poverty: a vicious cycle of deprivation and want transmitted from one generation to the next
- Culture of Opulence: learned ways of life of the wealthy
- Culture of Corruption: established patterns of illegally amassing wealth and obtaining power
- Culture of Silence/Sabotage: patterns of non-participation and hindering progress
- Pop Culture: popular culture, e.g., sports, entertainment, fashion, language
- Culture of Apathy: lack of interest or concern
- Culture of Conspicuous Consumption: excessive buying and acquiring of goods and services
- Culture of Exploitation and Dehumanization: patterns of abusive and exploitative practices by those in power against the disadvantaged
Explore the concept of self from an anthropological standpoint, focusing on how human development is shaped by interactions with the external environment. Learn about the influence of surroundings on personal growth through the example of Tarzan.
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