47 Questions
What was the key assumption of the Biblical Paradigm regarding the fixity of life?
God's creation has never changed and is the way it has always been
What was the key discovery that led to a new understanding of the place of humans in nature?
The discovery of apes
What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of living organisms?
Developing the Linnaean Taxonomy and binomial nomenclature
What was the key aspect of Malthus's beliefs regarding population growth?
Populations grow geometrically, but there are limiting factors to the carrying capacity of an environment
What was the key contribution of Charles Lyell to the understanding of the earth's geological history?
Believing in an 'old earth' and developing the theory of uniformitarianism
What was the key aspect of Georges Cuvier's theory of catastrophism?
Believing that there were cataclysmic geological events that caused extinction and the creation of new species
Who proved that humans were part of the 'old earth' and that life was very different on it?
Jacques Boucher de Perthes
What was the key belief behind the Mechanistic Universe principle?
The universe is organized based on natural principles and laws, not divine design.
Which scientist believed that all warm-blooded animals arose from a single living filament?
Erasmus Darwin
What was the key idea behind Lamarck's theory of evolution?
Evolution occurs through the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
What was the main contribution of the Grants' work on the Galapagos finches?
They showed how variation within a population can lead to evolutionary change.
What was one of Darwin's main problems with his own idea of evolution?
The blending problem, where new variation could not arise.
How did Mendelian genetics help solve one of Darwin's problems with his theory of evolution?
Mendelian genetics showed that traits are inherited in discrete units, not blended.
What was the main ethical issue surrounding early anthropological practices?
Anthropologists robbed graves and performed unethical experiments.
Which scientist debunked the idea of race as a biologically-valid construct?
William Montague Cobb
What is the key difference between macroevolution and microevolution?
Macroevolution is the evolution of new species, while microevolution is changes in gene frequencies.
What is the primary focus of the subfield of Paleoanthropology?
The study of primate and human evolution
Which step in the scientific method involves making an educated guess about the relationship between variables?
Hypothesis
What is the primary focus of the subfield of Linguistic Anthropology?
The study of the origin of language and its relationship with culture
Which subfield of Anthropology is primarily concerned with studying human cultural adaptation?
Sociocultural Anthropology
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes the evolutionary paradigm from the biblical paradigm?
The evolutionary paradigm rejects the concept of divine creation
What is the primary purpose of the peer-review process in the scientific method?
To ensure the accuracy and integrity of scientific research before publication
What is the main purpose of the mitotic cell cycle?
To create two genetically identical daughter cells
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the mitotic cell cycle?
Meiosis
What is the primary function of DNA replication during the cell cycle?
To ensure each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genome
Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation?
Nondisjunction
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells
Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern?
Incomplete dominance
What is the fundamental principle that Gregor Mendel discovered regarding the nature of inheritance?
The principle of particulate inheritance
If a parent's genotype is Aa for a particular trait, what proportion of their gametes will carry the allele A?
50%
In a dihybrid cross involving the genotype AaBb, what are the possible gamete types produced?
AB, Ab, aB, ab
In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for the trait of seed color?
3:1 (yellow:green)
What term is used to describe a genotype where both alleles are the same?
Homozygous
Which of the following traits is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a point mutation?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the term used to describe all the alleles present in a population?
Gene pool
Which of the following is a random evolutionary process?
Genetic drift
What is the term used to describe the introduction of new genetic variation into a population through migration?
Gene flow
What is the term used to describe a random event that drastically reduces the genetic diversity of a population?
Genetic bottleneck
Which of the following is a non-random evolutionary process?
Natural selection
What is the term used to describe the process by which new genetic combinations are produced through the shuffling of alleles during meiosis?
Recombination
What is the backbone of DNA made up of?
Deoxyribose and Phosphate molecules
Which nucleotide pair forms two hydrogen bonds with each other in DNA?
Guanine-Thymine
What is the function of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?
Creating a copy of a gene using RNA nucleotides
Which statement about DNA replication is true?
DNA is unzipped by Polymerase to form two daughter strands
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Adding amino acids to the growing peptide chain
What is the outcome of post-transcriptional processing before mRNA enters the cytoplasm?
Introns are spliced out from the mRNA
Which statement best describes the function of introns in DNA?
"Junk DNA" that doesn't code for proteins
Get ready for your Anthropology midterm with this study guide covering key topics such as the four subfields within anthropology, sociocultural anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology. Learn about human cultural adaptation, past human cultures through material remains, the origin of language, and the relationship between language and culture.
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