Anthro 1 Spring 2024 Midterm 1 Study Guide

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What was the key assumption of the Biblical Paradigm regarding the fixity of life?

New creations followed the initial creation event

Extinction-level events have occurred throughout history

The earth was created in October 22, 4004 BC at 6:30am

God's creation has never changed and is the way it has always been (correct)

What was the key discovery that led to a new understanding of the place of humans in nature?

The discovery of fossils

The development of modern anatomy

The discovery of apes (correct)

The Linnaean Taxonomy

What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of living organisms?

Believing in an 'old earth' and uniformitarianism

Developing the Linnaean Taxonomy and binomial nomenclature (correct)

Questioning medical theories and refuting Galen's claims

Developing the theory of catastrophism

What was the key aspect of Malthus's beliefs regarding population growth?

Populations grow geometrically, but there are limiting factors to the carrying capacity of an environment Signup and view all the answers

What was the key contribution of Charles Lyell to the understanding of the earth's geological history?

Believing in an 'old earth' and developing the theory of uniformitarianism Signup and view all the answers

What was the key aspect of Georges Cuvier's theory of catastrophism?

Believing that there were cataclysmic geological events that caused extinction and the creation of new species Signup and view all the answers

Who proved that humans were part of the 'old earth' and that life was very different on it?

Jacques Boucher de Perthes Signup and view all the answers

What was the key belief behind the Mechanistic Universe principle?

The universe is organized based on natural principles and laws, not divine design. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist believed that all warm-blooded animals arose from a single living filament?

Erasmus Darwin Signup and view all the answers

What was the key idea behind Lamarck's theory of evolution?

Evolution occurs through the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main contribution of the Grants' work on the Galapagos finches?

They showed how variation within a population can lead to evolutionary change. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Darwin's main problems with his own idea of evolution?

The blending problem, where new variation could not arise. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mendelian genetics help solve one of Darwin's problems with his theory of evolution?

Mendelian genetics showed that traits are inherited in discrete units, not blended. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main ethical issue surrounding early anthropological practices?

Anthropologists robbed graves and performed unethical experiments. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist debunked the idea of race as a biologically-valid construct?

William Montague Cobb Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between macroevolution and microevolution?

Macroevolution is the evolution of new species, while microevolution is changes in gene frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the subfield of Paleoanthropology?

The study of primate and human evolution Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the scientific method involves making an educated guess about the relationship between variables?

Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the subfield of Linguistic Anthropology?

The study of the origin of language and its relationship with culture Signup and view all the answers

Which subfield of Anthropology is primarily concerned with studying human cultural adaptation?

Sociocultural Anthropology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes the evolutionary paradigm from the biblical paradigm?

The evolutionary paradigm rejects the concept of divine creation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the peer-review process in the scientific method?

To ensure the accuracy and integrity of scientific research before publication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the mitotic cell cycle?

To create two genetically identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phase of the mitotic cell cycle?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA replication during the cell cycle?

To ensure each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation?

Nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern?

Incomplete dominance Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle that Gregor Mendel discovered regarding the nature of inheritance?

The principle of particulate inheritance Signup and view all the answers

If a parent's genotype is Aa for a particular trait, what proportion of their gametes will carry the allele A?

50% Signup and view all the answers

In a dihybrid cross involving the genotype AaBb, what are the possible gamete types produced?

AB, Ab, aB, ab Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for the trait of seed color?

3:1 (yellow:green) Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a genotype where both alleles are the same?

Homozygous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a point mutation?

Sickle cell anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe all the alleles present in a population?

Gene pool Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a random evolutionary process?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the introduction of new genetic variation into a population through migration?

Gene flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a random event that drastically reduces the genetic diversity of a population?

Genetic bottleneck Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-random evolutionary process?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which new genetic combinations are produced through the shuffling of alleles during meiosis?

Recombination Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of DNA made up of?

Deoxyribose and Phosphate molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide pair forms two hydrogen bonds with each other in DNA?

Guanine-Thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

Creating a copy of a gene using RNA nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about DNA replication is true?

DNA is unzipped by Polymerase to form two daughter strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Adding amino acids to the growing peptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of post-transcriptional processing before mRNA enters the cytoplasm?

Introns are spliced out from the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of introns in DNA?

"Junk DNA" that doesn't code for proteins Signup and view all the answers