Untitled Quiz

The division of plants that includes all flowering plants, representing the largest and most diverse phylum in the plant kingdom.

A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.

A plant that takes two growing seasons to complete its life cycle.

A plant that lives for more than two years.

A single, uninterrupted leaf blade.

A leaf blade divided into distinct leaflets.

A type of branching pattern in which the main stem continues to grow upwards, with side branches arising from it.

A type of stem growth in eudicots where the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

A type of stem growth in monocots where the vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem.

The embryonic leaf or leaves inside a seed.

Growth in the diameter of a stem, primarily due to the activity of the vascular cambium, resulting in the formation of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.

The layer of meristematic cells that produces new xylem and phloem cells in stems, allowing for secondary growth.

The secondary xylem produced earlier in the growing season, characterized by larger vessels and less dense wood.

The secondary xylem produced later in the growing season, characterized by smaller vessels and denser wood.

Distinct layers of early and late wood that form in stems with seasonal growth, creating visible rings.

A type of wood distribution where vessels are evenly scattered throughout the wood.

A type of wood distribution where vessels are arranged in distinct rings, creating a visible pattern.

The system of parenchyma cells that radiates horizontally across the stem, connecting vascular tissues and providing storage and transport functions.

A flowering plant belonging to the division Anthophyta, characterized by a diverse range of forms and a complex reproductive cycle involving flowers, fruits, and seeds.

A modified stem specialized for sexual reproduction in angiosperms, bearing structures that produce spores.

The outermost whorl of a flower, consisting of modified leaves that usually function in protection.

The colorful, often fragrant whorl within a flower that attracts pollinators.

Together, the sepals and petals form the perianth, the outer protective and attractive whorls of a flower.

The male reproductive organ in a flower, consisting of a filament and an anther that produces pollen.

The female reproductive organ in a flower, composed of an ovary, style and stigma.

The base of the carpel, where the ovules are located and which develops into a fruit.

A type of symmetry where a plane can be drawn through the flower that divides it into two identical halves.

A type of symmetry where any plane passing through the center of the flower divides it into two identical halves.

Flower symmetry where one plane of symmetry is possible.

Flower symmetry where multiple planes of symmetry are possible, forming a star shape.

The process where plants and pollinators coevolve to benefit each other. For example, a flower may evolve specific traits to attract a specific pollinator, while the pollinator may evolve traits to efficiently access the pollen of that flower.

Symmetry and fusion of floral parts can limit or control access for pollenators.

Modifying flower traits to attract specific pollinators can increase pollination efficiency.

The position of the ovary relative to other floral parts, specifically the attachment of the ovary to the floral receptacle.

When the ovary is attached to the receptacle above the point of attachment of other floral parts, such as petals and sepals. The ovary appears to sit on top of the receptacle.

When the ovary is attached to the receptacle below the point of attachment of other floral parts, such as petals and sepals. The ovary appears to be embedded within the receptacle.

A floral structure that can be present in some plants, formed by the fusion of sepals, petals, or other floral parts. It can enclose the ovary completely or partially.

The fusion of the ovary wall with the hypanthium, resulting in a partially or completely immersed ovary.

The location where ovules are attached to the ovary wall inside the ovary.

The development of the ovary after fertilization, typically becoming the fruit, and containing seeds.

The layers of the fruit wall, which are derived from ovary walls.

1. Exocarp: Outer layer
2. Mesocarp: Middle layer
3. Endocarp: Inner layer

The process where a single megaspore cell within the ovule undergoes mitosis to generate a female gametophyte with 7 cells and 8 nuclei; this structure is also known as an embryo sac.

The process of formation and development of the megaspores within the megasporangium (ovule).

A structure within the ovule that contains the megaspore mother cell, which will eventually produce the female gametophyte.

The layer of nourishing tissue surrounding the megasporangium (ovule) in flowering plants.

Protective layers that surround the megasporangium (ovule).

A special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in daughter cells by half. Key for sexual reproduction.

A type of cell division that produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Involved in plant growth.

The structure that produces male gametes (pollen) in flowering plants.

The stalk that supports the anther in flowering plants.

The male gametophyte in flowering plants, containing two sperm nuclei.

The female gametophyte in flowering plants, containing 7 cells and 8 nuclei.

The fusion of two haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote.

The process of seed development and maturation after fertilization.

The process of fruit development and maturation.

The process of reducing the size of the gametophyte generation in plants, leading to smaller, more efficient gametophytes.