Anth 204 Exam 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the dental pattern of Old World higher primates?

2-1-2-3

High, pointed crowns indicate a diet of what?

insects

What are the two suborders of primates?

prosimians and anthropoids

The variation in living primates provides models for understanding what?

morphology, behavior, and adaptation in the evolutionary past Signup and view all the answers

Primates' enhanced sense of vision stems from which factors? (Select all that apply)

The fact that their eyes are rotated forward Signup and view all the answers

What does the cladistic classification of apes and humans include?

three subfamilies within hominids: pongines, gorillines, and hominines Signup and view all the answers

Which primates exhibit Y-5 molar morphology?

chimpanzees Signup and view all the answers

What does dietary plasticity in primates refer to?

eating a wide variety of foods Signup and view all the answers

Why are African monkeys, including Miss Waldron's red colobus, endangered?

due to human exploitation of resources Signup and view all the answers

What special lower incisor do strepsirhines have?

tooth comb Signup and view all the answers

Male primates compete for access to females through forming long-term cooperative relationships with multiple females.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does polygynous refer to?

a social group that includes one adult male, several adult females, and their offspring Signup and view all the answers

What does grooming involve among primates?

bonding between two members of a social group Signup and view all the answers

How is sexual selection best defined?

natural selection in one sex caused by a trait's attractiveness to members of the opposite sex Signup and view all the answers

Which primate residence pattern is rare and found only in orangutans and a few strepsirhines?

solitary Signup and view all the answers

What impacts the availability of food in the worlds of primates?

season and rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What variation exists in predator-specific vocalizations among monkeys in the Tai Forest?

two different loud alarm calls in response to predators Signup and view all the answers

What types of sounds are involved in chimpanzee communication?

grunts, pants, and hoots Signup and view all the answers

Female reproductive strategies emphasize what?

caring for young and ensuring access to food Signup and view all the answers

How do primates acquire food?

through a wide variety of food-foraging strategies Signup and view all the answers

Monogamous behavior is characteristic of which primate?

gibbons Signup and view all the answers

What three key factors contribute to a female primate's success at feeding?

quality, distribution, and availability of food Signup and view all the answers

What type of behaviors does natural selection generally favor?

behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction Signup and view all the answers

How are catarrhines' nostrils shaped?

close together and face downward Signup and view all the answers

How do haplorrhines compare with strepsirrhines?

haplorrhines have post orbital closure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in canine size?

One-male, multifemale Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dental Patterns and Diet

Old World higher primates exhibit a dental formula of 2-1-2-3.
High, pointed molar crowns indicate an insectivorous diet.

Primate Classification

Primates are divided into two suborders: prosimians and anthropoids.
Hominids include three subfamilies: pongines, gorillines, and hominines.

Primates' Sensory and Behavioral Adaptations

Enhanced vision in primates is due to forward-facing eyes and the presence of color vision.
Variation in living primates serves as a model for studying morphology, behavior, and adaptation across evolutionary history.

Molar Morphology and Dietary Adaptability

Chimpanzees possess the Y-5 molar morphology.
Dietary plasticity allows primates to consume a diverse array of foods.

African monkeys, like Miss Waldron's red colobus, face significant endangerment from human activities.
Male primates use various strategies to compete for females, excluding the formation of long-term cooperative relationships with multiple females.

Polygynous social groups consist of one adult male, several females, and their offspring.
Grooming serves to bond individuals and calm higher-ranking primates within a group.

Sexual Selection and Residence Patterns

Sexual selection refers to traits that make individuals more attractive to the opposite sex.
Solitary residence patterns are rare and mainly seen in orangutans and select strepsirhines.

Food Sources and Foraging

Food availability for primates varies seasonally and is influenced by environmental factors like rainfall.
Monkeys in the Tai Forest exhibit distinct vocalizations for aerial and terrestrial predators.

Communication and Reproductive Strategies

Chimpanzees communicate using diverse sounds, including grunts, pants, and hoots.
Female primate reproductive strategies prioritize nurturing their offspring and securing food resources.

Foraging Strategies and Monogamy

Primates utilize various foraging strategies to acquire food effectively.
Gibbons are known for their monogamous behavior in social structures.

Feeding Success Factors

Success in feeding for female primates depends on the food's quality, distribution, and availability.

Evolutionary Adaptations

Natural selection promotes behaviors that enhance the likelihood of survival and reproduction.
Catarrhine nostrils are characterized by their close proximity and downward orientation.

Craniomorphological Differences

Haplorrhines possess post-orbital closure, differentiating them from strepsirrhines.
The social group with the highest sexual dimorphism in canine size is the one-male multifemale structure.

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Description

Prepare for your Anth 204 exam with these flashcards covering key concepts related to Old World higher primates, dental patterns, and suborders. This set includes important information on primate diets and evolutionary understanding of morphology and behavior.