Antenna and Wave Propagation Quiz

EGEC4210

Sindhu S Nair

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresnel zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field patterns and power patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherical coordinates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theta (θ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phi (φ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Side lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Back lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E-field and H-field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half-power beam width</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boresight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half power Beam width = 70λ/D</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FNBW = 2 * HPBW</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omni-directional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pencil-beam pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fan-beam pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shaped beam pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotropic radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directivity (D) = (Maximum radiation intensity (U_max)) / (Average radiation intensity (U_0))</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directivity (D) = (4 * π * Effective aperture area (A_eff)) / (Wavelength (λ) ^ 2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gain (G) = Efficiency (η) * Directivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EIRP = Transmit power (P_T) - Cable loss (L_C) + Antenna gain (G_a)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half-power beam width (HPBW)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First null beam width (FNBW)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sidelobe level</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Front-to-back ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 to 30 dB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotropic antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propagation effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decibel power gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STS-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>155.52 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR) and Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (BLSR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SONET is a digital hierarchy interface for optical transmission, while SDH is a network node interface, user-network interface, and U reference-point interface to assist BISDN. (A), SONET uses a frame structure of 9 rows and 90 columns, while SDH uses a frame structure of 9 rows and 270 columns. (B), SONET uses STS (Synchronous Transport Signal) and VT (Virtual Tributary) for transmission, while SDH uses STM (Synchronous Transport Module) and VC (Virtual Container). (C), SONET has a fixed payload rate of 51.84 Mbps, while SDH has multiple payload rates, including 155.52 Mbps, 622.08 Mbps, and 2.5 Gbps. (D), All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An STS multiplexer multiplexes signals from multiple electrical sources and creates the corresponding optical signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Add/drop multiplexers allow insertion and extraction of signals in an STS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The path layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its source to its destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The section layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The photonic layer corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model, and includes physical specifications for the optical fiber channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NRZ encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are orthogonal to each other and to the direction of propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scattering parameters describe the input-output relationships between ports in an electrical system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The input port voltage reflection coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The S-parameter matrix can be used to determine reflection coefficients and transmission gains from both sides of a two-port network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field patterns and power patterns (A), Omni-directional patterns and directional patterns (C), All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotropic antenna (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HPBW is the angular separation in which the magnitude of the radiation pattern decreases by 50% (or -3dB) from the peak of the main beam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The FNBW is the angular span between the first pattern nulls adjacent to the main lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The F/B is a measure of how much power is radiated in the back direction compared to the front direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SLL is a measure of how much power is radiated in the side lobes compared to the main lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ERP is a measure of the total power that is radiated by an antenna, taking into account the power loss from the transmission line and the antenna's gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D = 4πAeff/λ²</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polarization refers to the orientation of the electric and magnetic fields with respect to the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-polarization is the undesired orthogonal polarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Far field</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Main lobe = The zone or direction where the radiated power is at its maximum Nulls = The zone or direction where the radiated power is at its minimum Side lobe = The lobe adjacent to the major lobe. Back lobe = The lobe opposite to the major lobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First null beam width</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EIRP = PT - LC + GA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electric field is parallel to the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polarization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 wavelengths from the antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FNBW = 2HPBW</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the power transfer between ports or terminals in an electrical system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows adding or removing signals from a specific path within the SONET network. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The angular width of an antenna's main lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemispherical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Largest side lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-polarization refers to the desired polarization of the antenna, while cross-polarization represents the undesired orthogonal polarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is the region around an antenna where the electric and magnetic fields are separate and not yet combined into radio waves.

This is the region far from the antenna where the electric and magnetic fields have combined to form radio waves.

The distance from an antenna where near field effects become negligible and the radio waves are essentially plane waves.

A graphical representation of how an antenna radiates power in different directions.

A three-dimensional plot of antenna radiation power as a function of angular position and radial distance.

The direction in which the maximum radiation power is emitted from an antenna.

Weaker radiation directions perpendicular to the main lobe of an antenna.

Radiation in the opposite direction of the main lobe of an antenna.

The angular width of the main lobe of an antenna where the radiation power drops to half its maximum value (-3 dB).

The angular span between the first nulls on either side of the main lobe in an antenna's radiation pattern.

The ratio of the power radiated in the desired direction to the average power radiated in all directions.

The ratio of the power radiated by an antenna in its strongest direction to the power radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna.

A theoretical antenna that radiates power equally in all directions. It is used as a reference for comparing the performance of real antennas.

The orientation of the electric field of a radio wave with respect to the Earth's surface.

When the transmitting and receiving antennas have the same polarization, resulting in optimal signal strength.

An antenna with a radiation pattern that is relatively uniform in all directions.

An antenna that concentrates its radiation in a narrow beam.

The ratio of the power density in the direction of maximum radiation to the power density averaged over all directions.

The ratio of the power density in the direction of maximum radiation to the power density of an isotropic antenna.

The power density of an antenna at a particular distance from the antenna, measured in Watts per square meter (W/m²).

The power radiated by an antenna per unit solid angle.

The strength of the electric or magnetic field at a particular point in space.

A measure of the effectiveness of an antenna in converting power from the transmitter to radiated power, expressed as a ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to the power supplied to the antenna.

The ratio of the power radiated by an antenna to the power supplied to the antenna.

A component of the antenna that couples the transmission line to the antenna element.

The point at which the signal is fed into the antenna from the transmission line.

The physical shape and dimensions of the antenna element.

The frequency range over which the antenna can operate effectively.

The ability of an antenna to produce a desired polarization.

A standard that uses light-emitting diodes (LED) or lasers for synchronous optical fiber communication. Its purpose is to overcome synchronization problems and replace the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) system.

The standard that transmits large data volumes over long distances using fiber optics. It combines multiple data streams using LEDs and laser beams to achieve high-speed transmission.

It's like a digital multiplexer that combines multiple signals from different sources, creating a single high-speed data stream. It's used in SONET systems for transmitting signals.

The opposite of a multiplexer. It separates a high-speed data stream into individual signals, converting an optical signal back into electrical signals.

A repeater in a SONET network. It amplifies and regenerates weakened optical signals, extending the transmission distance

Allows adding or removing signals within a SONET system. It can add new signals to a path or extract existing ones.

The layer in SONET responsible for ensuring that the signal reaches its destination across the entire network path.

This handles signal transmission over a single physical line, connecting SONET multiplexers.

Handles signal transmission over a physical section, typically the distance between two regenerators in a SONET network.

This SONET layer corresponds to the OSI model's physical layer. It defines the physical specifications for the optical fiber channel.

A SONET signal, often referred to as a Synchronous Transport Signal. The basic unit is STS-1, with multiples of it forming higher-order signals.

A signal that carries the actual data payload in SONET. They can be grouped into virtual containers or carry a single client data stream.

A ring network where traffic flows in one direction. If a link fails, traffic is rerouted in the opposite direction to maintain network connectivity.

A ring network where traffic can flow in both directions. If a link fails, the affected traffic is rerouted to a protection path in the opposite direction.

The multiplexer used in SONET for adding signals to a STS path or removing signals from it. It allows for flexible access to the network.

A digital transmission hierarchy that uses multiplexing to combine different bit rates into a single stream.

A method of combining multiple lower-speed signals into a single higher-speed signal.

A device that converts electrical signals to optical signals or vice versa.

A fundamental unit of data in SONET, carrying a specific payload.

A SONET signal with a basic data rate of 51.84 Mbps.

A SONET signal with a data rate that is a multiple of STS-1, such as STS-3 or STS-12.

A SONET signal that carries a single stream of data at a specified bit rate.

A SONET signal that carries multiple streams of data, combined for efficient transmission.

The process of combining multiple lower-speed signals into a higher-speed signal, allowing more efficient transmission over a single channel.

A method of transmitting data by converting it into a series of pulses, where the presence or absence of a pulse represents a bit.

A method of transmitting data by encoding the information in the frequency of a signal.

A method of transmitting data by encoding the information in the phase of a signal.

A method of transmitting data by encoding the information in the combination of amplitude and phase of a signal.

A communication system that uses multiplexing to combine and transmit multiple data streams over a single channel.

The process of converting a signal from analog to digital format, allowing for more reliable transmission over long distances.

A method of encoding data using a combination of 0s and 1s, where each bit represents a value.

A standard way of organizing data into blocks, allowing for more efficient transmission and error detection.

A method of detecting errors in data transmission by adding extra bits, allowing the receiver to verify the integrity of the received data.

The ability of a communication system to handle different data rates and network configurations.

A standard that uses LEDs or lasers to send data synchronously over optical fiber. It was developed to fix timing issues and replace the older PDH system.

A digital hierarchy of multiplexing that combines various bit rates into a single stream. It uses a step-by-step approach for combining data streams.

A standardized protocol for transmitting vast amounts of data over long distances using fiber optics. It combines multiple data streams over fiber using LEDs and lasers.

The basic SONET signal unit. All other STS signals are multiples of this.

SONET signals that carry multiple streams of data combined for efficient transmission.

A SONET signal that carries a single stream of data at a specific bit rate.

A ring network where traffic flows in only one direction, and if a link fails, traffic is rerouted in the opposite direction for continuous connectivity.

A ring network where traffic can flow in both directions. If a link fails, the affected traffic is rerouted to a protection path on the opposite side.