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The term 'Antenatal' means after delivery.
The term 'Antenatal' means after delivery.
False
Stillbirth is a fetus born alive after the age of viability.
Stillbirth is a fetus born alive after the age of viability.
False
The goal of Antenatal care is to ensure the safety of only the mother.
The goal of Antenatal care is to ensure the safety of only the mother.
False
One of the objectives of Antenatal care is to detect congenital fetal malformations late in pregnancy.
One of the objectives of Antenatal care is to detect congenital fetal malformations late in pregnancy.
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Elements of Antenatal care do not include patient education and instructions.
Elements of Antenatal care do not include patient education and instructions.
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The antenatal card is filled for every woman on her second visit.
The antenatal card is filled for every woman on her second visit.
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Patients are instructed to leave their antenatal card at the hospital on each visit.
Patients are instructed to leave their antenatal card at the hospital on each visit.
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The aim of filling the antenatal card is to highlight any risk factor present.
The aim of filling the antenatal card is to highlight any risk factor present.
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Live attenuated vaccines are allowed during pregnancy.
Live attenuated vaccines are allowed during pregnancy.
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Tub baths are allowed during pregnancy to avoid ascending infection.
Tub baths are allowed during pregnancy to avoid ascending infection.
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Full blood count is repeated at 36 weeks if anemic.
Full blood count is repeated at 36 weeks if anemic.
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Urine test for albumin and glucose is done using dipsticks.
Urine test for albumin and glucose is done using dipsticks.
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An ultrasound scan is done only during the 1st trimester.
An ultrasound scan is done only during the 1st trimester.
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A sudden gush of fluid is not a warning sign during pregnancy.
A sudden gush of fluid is not a warning sign during pregnancy.
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Severe persistent headache is not a concern during pregnancy.
Severe persistent headache is not a concern during pregnancy.
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Abdominal palpation for fetal lie and presentation is done at 20-41 weeks.
Abdominal palpation for fetal lie and presentation is done at 20-41 weeks.
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A pregnant woman requires 3000 calories per day.
A pregnant woman requires 3000 calories per day.
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It is recommended to consume 3-4 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight during pregnancy.
It is recommended to consume 3-4 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight during pregnancy.
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Folic acid supplementation is not required during pregnancy.
Folic acid supplementation is not required during pregnancy.
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Drinking 1 liter of water per day is sufficient during pregnancy.
Drinking 1 liter of water per day is sufficient during pregnancy.
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Caffeine intake is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
Caffeine intake is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
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Traveling is prohibited during pregnancy.
Traveling is prohibited during pregnancy.
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Smoking is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
Smoking is allowed in moderation during pregnancy.
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Rest and sleep are not essential during pregnancy.
Rest and sleep are not essential during pregnancy.
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The estimated date of delivery is calculated by adding 10 days to the first day of the last menstrual period.
The estimated date of delivery is calculated by adding 10 days to the first day of the last menstrual period.
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A patient's medical history includes a previous cesarean section.
A patient's medical history includes a previous cesarean section.
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The fundal level assessment is done to assess the patient's weight.
The fundal level assessment is done to assess the patient's weight.
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An ultrasound scan is performed to confirm viability, dates, and identify multiple pregnancy typically between 12-15 weeks of gestation.
An ultrasound scan is performed to confirm viability, dates, and identify multiple pregnancy typically between 12-15 weeks of gestation.
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A complete blood count is not performed during the antenatal visit.
A complete blood count is not performed during the antenatal visit.
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Low-risk patients are seen every 2 weeks between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation.
Low-risk patients are seen every 2 weeks between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation.
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High-risk patients are seen every week after 36 weeks of gestation.
High-risk patients are seen every week after 36 weeks of gestation.
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Echocardiogram is a routine investigation during the antenatal visit.
Echocardiogram is a routine investigation during the antenatal visit.
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Morning sickness is characterized by a sensation of nausea without vomiting.
Morning sickness is characterized by a sensation of nausea without vomiting.
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Breast tenderness during pregnancy can be managed by taking antacids.
Breast tenderness during pregnancy can be managed by taking antacids.
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A high-fiber diet can help alleviate heartburns during pregnancy.
A high-fiber diet can help alleviate heartburns during pregnancy.
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Urinary symptoms during pregnancy can be managed by taking vitamin B6.
Urinary symptoms during pregnancy can be managed by taking vitamin B6.
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A women's health physiotherapist plays a role in educating women about stress control during pregnancy.
A women's health physiotherapist plays a role in educating women about stress control during pregnancy.
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Antiemetic drugs are used to manage breast tenderness during pregnancy.
Antiemetic drugs are used to manage breast tenderness during pregnancy.
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Women's health physiotherapists advise women to wear high heels during pregnancy.
Women's health physiotherapists advise women to wear high heels during pregnancy.
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Physical activities for the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles are not included in ANC programs.
Physical activities for the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles are not included in ANC programs.
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Study Notes
Antenatal Care
- Antenatal care (ANC) is a healthcare program for pregnant women from confirmation of pregnancy until the onset of labor.
- The goal of ANC is to ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus.
Objectives of Antenatal Care
- Ensure a healthy mother and newborn
- Estimate gestational age and expected date of delivery
- Identify high-risk pregnancies
- Detect and treat diseases during pregnancy
- Detect congenital fetal malformations
- Educate patients and prepare them for childbirth
Elements of Antenatal Care
- History taking
- Physical examination
- Investigations (routine and screening tests)
- Plan schedule for return visits
- Instructions and advice
- Reassurance
- Plan for delivery
- Documentation
The Booking Visit (1st Antenatal Visit)
- History taking:
- Menstrual history to identify last menstrual period (LMP) and estimate gestational age (GA)
- Obstetric history
- Medical history
- Surgical history
- Family history
- Physical examination:
- General: weight, height, and BMI
- Blood pressure
- Abdominal examination
- Vaginal examination (if necessary)
- Fundal level assessment
- Investigations:
- Ultrasound scan to confirm viability, dates, and identify multiple pregnancy (ideally at 8-12 weeks)
- Laboratory tests:
- Full blood count
- Blood group and Rh-type (Anti-D antibodies if Rh-negative)
- Complete urine analysis and urine culture
Schedule of Antenatal Visits
- Low-risk patients:
- Every 4 weeks until 28 weeks
- Every 2 weeks between 28 and 36 weeks
- Every week after 36 weeks until delivery
- High-risk patients:
- Seen more frequently according to their condition and jointly with the corresponding specialist physician
Instructions for Patients
- Nutrition:
- Calories: same as non-pregnant women (2500 Calorie/day)
- Protein: 1-2 g/kg/day (animal and plant sources)
- Carbohydrates: restricted to avoid unnecessary weight gain
- Fats: accompanying animal proteins are enough
- Calcium: 1.5-2 g/day (milk and milk products)
- Iron: 30 mg/day (needs supplementation by the third month)
- Folic acid: 400 mcg/day (except for high-risk patients for NTD: 5mg/day)
- Weight gain: 10-12 kg during pregnancy
- Dental care: encouraged, with routine check-ups and antibiotic cover
- Breast care: panthenol cream for cracked nipples and soft, light brassiere for breast heaviness
- Exercise: no restrictions except for vaginal bleeding or ruptured membranes
- Traveling: allowed, but with precautions for thromboembolism for long flights
- Immunization: live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated
Subsequent Visits
- History taking: any new problems and worries, satisfactory fetal movement
- Examination:
- Weight: checking proper weight gain
- Blood pressure measurement
- Abdominal palpation for uterine size and fetal growth
- Abdominal palpation for fetal lie and presentation
- Investigations:
- Routine follow-up investigations
- Laboratory tests: full blood count repeated at 28-30 weeks (and at 36 weeks if anemic)
Warning Signs During Pregnancy
- Refer to a doctor if experiencing:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Sudden gush of fluid (liquor amnii)
- Severe persistent headache
- Blurring of vision
- Persistent vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Swelling of lower limbs, face, or fingers
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Description
Learn about the importance of antenatal care, its goals, and objectives for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Understand the key aspects of ANC, including estimating gestational age and detecting high-risk pregnancies.
