Antenas y Líneas de Transmisión

Study Notes

Normativa Específica: Regulations and technical standards exist for the design, installation, and maintenance of antenna and transmission line systems in shared telecommunications infrastructure (e.g., homes and buildings). Permits and authorizations are necessary. Local laws must be considered before installation.
Infraestructura Común de Telecomunicaciones (ICT): ICT (Shared Telecommunications Infrastructure) in Spain, regulated by Royal Decree 346/2011 aims to provide access to high-quality telecommunications services (phone, TV, radio, broadband) in residential and commercial buildings. This promotes competition amongst service providers and the adoption of new technologies.

Antenas de Hilo: Long, thin conductors used for low-frequency signals (shortwave radio, terrestrial television).
Antenas Planares/Parche: Flat, rectangular shapes suitable for high-frequency applications (satellite communication, high-speed wireless networks).
Antenas Parabólicas: Dish-shaped reflectors used for satellite television reception.
Antenas de Panel: Rectangular/square shapes used commonly in mobile phone base stations and wireless communication systems.
Antenas de Haz: Designed for high-frequency signals (radar) with a concentrated beam of electromagnetic energy.

Ganancia: The antenna's ability to increase signal strength in a specific direction (measured in decibels).
Ancho de Banda: The range of frequencies an antenna can handle. A wider range offers greater flexibility.
Polarización: The electrical field vector orientation of the electromagnetic wave. It needs to align with the transmitted/received signal.
Directividad: The antenna's ability to concentrate the signal in a specific direction.
Relación frente a espalda: The antenna's ability to block unwanted signals coming from the opposite direction of the desired transmission.
Eficiencia: The ability of an antenna to transmit/receive signals with minimal losses, improving signal quality.

Radiodifusión y Televisión: Omnidirectional antennas for broadcasting, directional antennas for television.
Telefonía Móvil: Used in mobile networks, can be omnidirectional or directional, depending on the situation.
Comunicaciones vía Satélite: Typically use parabolic antennas.
Redes de Datos Inalámbricas: Used with omnidirectional antennas in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
Sistemas de Radar: Omnidirectional or directional antennas, depending on the need for object detection.

Distribución: Essential for access to broadcasting/entertainment. Signal transmission through radio waves, received by antennas on buildings/homes, crucial for selecting correct antenna types (conventional, common for terrestrial television).
Elección de la Antena: Factors like distance to transmitter, signal power/frequency, and geographical location impact selection.

Magnitudes y Unidades: Frequency (Hz - cycles per second), important measure for signal energy; Wavelength (m) - distance between successive wave peaks. In relation to frequency.
Bandas de Frecuencia: Ranges of frequencies used for different signals - VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF; selecting the correct band is important to avoid signal interference and to ensure efficient transmission.

Proceso de Recepción: Antennas to capture satellite signals, converting them to electrical signals, delivered to a head-end for further processing.
Componentes clave: Antenna, LNB (Low Noise Block), receiver, coaxial cable. Each component has a specific function for proper signal reception and processing.