Antebellum Era Causes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What primary issue led to the division between the North and South in the Antebellum era?

  • Slavery (correct)
  • Economic disparities
  • Cultural differences
  • Military alliances

    • What significant event did South Carolina initiate in response to high tariffs?

  • Withdrew from Congress
  • Formed military alliances
  • Protested in Washington, D.C.
  • Threatened to secede from the Union (correct)

    • What was the main belief of the North regarding the federal government during the Antebellum period?

  • Tariffs should be abolished
  • Federal laws should be ignored
  • Strong national government should be upheld (correct)
  • States should govern themselves

    • Which of the following was a consequence of the election of 1860?

    <p>Southern states voted to secede from the Union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the stance of Alexander Stephens regarding secession?

    <p>He advocated for slavery but resisted secession (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention significantly increased the demand for slavery in the South?

    <p>The cotton gin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Andrew Jackson take in response to South Carolina's threat to nullify tariffs?

    <p>Sent military force to maintain order (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Georgia officially secede from the Union?

    <p>1861 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Lincoln's promises to the Southern states in his inaugural address?

    <p>He would not interfere with slavery where it existed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the start of the Civil War?

    <p>The bombardment of Fort Sumter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the Union adopt in response to Confederate ports?

    <p>Blockade all Confederate ports. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Battle of Antietam?

    <p>It marked an important win for the North. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the use of rifled cannons at Fort Pulaski?

    <p>They made traditional fortifications obsolete. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of Sherman's march to the sea?

    <p>It caused significant destruction across southern lands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of King Cotton diplomacy by the Confederacy?

    <p>To gain support from foreign countries like France and Great Britain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the South fail to effectively follow up after the Battle of Chickamauga?

    <p>They failed to capitalize on their victory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the Emancipation Proclamation?

    <p>It changed the war's focus to include ending slavery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major effects of the Union Blockade during the Civil War?

    <p>It effectively cut off cotton exports. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the capture and execution of Captain Henry Wirz?

    <p>The conditions at Andersonville prison. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?

    <p>It was the last battle fought in the Northern states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many people died during the Civil War, primarily due to disease and military prison hardships?

    <p>620,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one effect of Sherman's total war strategy?

    <p>It caused significant economic loss in the South. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Antebellum Sectionalism

    The division of the United States before the Civil War, characterized by differing interests and values between the North and South, ultimately leading to conflict.

    States' Rights

    The belief that states have the right to govern themselves and can refuse laws passed by the federal government if they deem those laws hurtful.

    Nullification Crisis

    A political crisis in the United States wherein South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union in response to federal tariffs.

    Election of 1860

    The presidential election that led to Southern states seceding from the Union, as they feared that the new president, Abraham Lincoln, would curtail their interests, especially slavery.

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    Secession

    The act of withdrawing formally from a political union or federation. In the United States, Southern states withdrawing from the Union.

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    Slavery's Role

    The institution of slavery played a significant role in fueling the growing conflict and tensions between the North and the South, ultimately contributing to the Civil War.

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    Tariffs & Economy

    Tariffs, taxes on imported goods, became a source of contention between the North and South, as the South primarily relied on exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.

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    Alexander Stephens

    A prominent Georgia politician who opposed secession but later became the Vice President of the Confederate States of America.

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    Southern Secession

    Seven Southern States left the Union in protest of Lincoln's election.

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    Lincoln's Inaugural Plea

    Lincoln urged keeping the Union together and promised not to interfere with existing slavery in the South.

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    Fort Sumter Bombardment

    The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, marking the beginning of the Civil War.

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    Union Blockade

    The Union Navy blocked Southern ports to restrict trade and supplies.

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    King Cotton Diplomacy

    The Confederate strategy to rely on Great Britain and France's dependence on Southern cotton for support.

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    Battle of Bull Run

    The first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.

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    Battle of Antietam

    A key Union victory showing the Confederate push for European aid lost momentum.

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    Emancipation Proclamation

    Lincoln's declaration freeing slaves in rebellious Confederate states.

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    Battle of Gettysburg

    A turning point in the war, resulting in a decisive Union victory.

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    Battle of Chickamauga

    A major Confederate victory, one of the deadliest battles of the Civil War.

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    Sherman's March to the Sea

    Sherman's Union army's destructive campaign through Georgia to weaken Confederate morale and resources.

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    Appomattox Court House

    The location of the Confederate surrender to the Union, effectively ending the Civil War.

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    Andersonville Prison

    A Confederate prison camp notorious for its harsh conditions and high death toll.

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    Civil War Casualties

    About 620,000 people died in the American Civil War, mostly due to disease and military prison hardship.

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    Total War

    The strategy of harming not just the enemy army, but damaging the enemy's resources and civilians, to weaken their will to fight.

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    Blockade Runners

    Private ships that evaded the Union blockade to transport goods to and from Europe during the Civil War.

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    Study Notes

    Antebellum Era Causes

    • Slavery: A fundamental disagreement over the morality and legality of slavery, with a growing divide between abolitionists and supporters. Majority of slaves located in South.
    • States' Rights: A dispute over the balance of power between state and federal governments. The South believed in states' rights to govern themselves, including the right to maintain slavery. The North favored a stronger national government.
    • Tariffs: Taxes on imported goods. The South, relying on imported finished products and exporting raw materials, opposed tariffs, which the North supported to protect its own industries. Tariffs hurt Southern economy while increasing Northern profits. South Carolina threatened secession over high tariffs.
    • Sectionalism: Fierce loyalty to one's region (North or South), leading to mistrust and animosity between the sections.
    • Election of 1860: Lincoln's election triggered fears of federal interference with slavery in the South and led to secession.
    • Secession: Southern states withdrawing from the Union, starting with South Carolina.

    Secession in Georgia

    • Debate and Division: Georgia faced strong arguments for and against secession in 1861.
    • Georgia's Secession: In January 1861, Georgia seceded from the Union by a vote of 208 to 89.
    • Confederate States of America: Seceded Southern states formed the CSA in Montgomery, Alabama, with Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander Stephens as Vice President.

    Alexander Stephens

    • Political Figure: A major figure in Georgia and national politics.
    • Advocate for Slavery but Opposed Secession: Stephens supported slavery, but he opposed immediate secession.
    • Vice President of CSA: Stephens became Vice President of the Confederate States of America.

    Lincoln's Inaugural Address

    • Appeal for Unity: Lincoln appealed for maintaining the Union.
    • Non-Interference with Slavery: Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in existing states.

    War Begins

    • Fort Sumter: On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, initiating the Civil War.
    • Union Surrender: Union troops surrendered Fort Sumter on April 13, 1861.
    • Further Secessions: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia seceded after Fort Sumter.

    War Strategies

    • Union: Blockade Southern ports, capture the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy, capture Richmond (the Confederate capital), and destroy Southern resources to weaken civilian support.
    • Confederate: Use blockade runners to circumvent the blockade. Rely on King Cotton diplomacy to encourage British and French intervention.

    Major Battles

    • First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861. Confederate victory, exposing the lengthy nature of the conflict.
    • Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862. Union victory, considered the bloodiest single-day battle. This allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
    • Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863. Union victory, a turning point of the war.
    • Battle of Chickamauga: September 18-20, 1863. Confederate victory, a major battle in the western theater of the war.

    Union Blockade

    • Objective: Prevent Southern cotton exports and imports of war supplies from foreign countries.
    • Blockade Runners: Private ships successfully evaded Union patrols to transport goods to and from Europe.
    • Ironclads: Union navy used ironclad ships (armored vessels) to enforce the blockade.
    • Impact on Georgia and the South: Prevented the shipment of vital Southern resources.

    Major Events involving Georgia

    • Fall of Fort Pulaski: April 10, 1862. First major Georgia battle, Union victory utilizing rifled cannon.

    • Atlanta Campaign: Late spring-September 1864. Union General Sherman's campaign to capture Atlanta. Confederate loss, allowing Sherman's March to the Sea.

    • Sherman's March to the Sea: Union General Sherman’s devastating march through Georgia. The Union army destroyed everything in its path to weaken Southern morale and resources. This was an example of “total war”.

    War's End

    • Surrender: April 9, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
    • Union Victory: The Union won the Civil War.

    Casualties and Aftermath

    • High Casualties: Approximately 620,000 deaths, a significant proportion from disease and hardship.
    • Long-Term Healing: Physical and emotional healing took far longer after the war.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key causes of the Antebellum Era, including the issues of slavery, states' rights, tariffs, sectionalism, and the pivotal election of 1860. Understand how these factors contributed to the growing divide between the North and South leading up to the Civil War.

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