Anorexia Nervosa Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered physical findings associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

  • Hypertension
  • Increased Body Mass Index
  • Increased Appetite
  • Hypotension (correct)

    • What type of Anorexia Nervosa involves regular bingeing and purging behaviors?

  • Compulsive Type
  • Binge Eating-Purging Type (correct)
  • Restricting Type
  • Avoidant Type

    • Which of the following is NOT a psychological feature associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

  • Overly controlled emotional expression
  • Feelings of ineffectiveness
  • Fear of eating in public
  • Increased impulsivity (correct)

    • What is the BMI range for individuals diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa at a severe level?

    <p>15-15.99 kg/m2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disorder commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Schizophrenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physical findings can be observed in a patient with Anorexia Nervosa (AN)?

    <p>Hypertrophy of salivary glands, leading to 'Chipmunk cheeks' (A), Peripheral edema (B), Decreased bone density (C), All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of frequent vomiting in patients with AN?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is NOT considered a proposed etiology for AN?

    <p>Elevated serum bicarbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the scars or calluses on the dorsum of the hand in patients with AN who induce purging?

    <p>Russell's Sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cognitive decline in AN is TRUE?

    <p>Cognitive decline is a common symptom but usually resolves upon full weight restoration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that differentiates Anorexia Nervosa from other eating disorders?

    <p>Intense fear of becoming fat despite weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core feature of Anorexia Nervosa as outlined by the DSM-V-TR?

    <p>Recurrent binge eating and purging behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is characterized by the repeated regurgitation of food, either re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out?

    <p>Rumination Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age of onset for Pica?

    <p>Between 1-2 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder involves the persistent consumption of non-nutritive substances like paint, plaster, or hair?

    <p>Pica (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these eating disorders involves the restriction of food intake leading to an inability to meet nutritional needs?

    <p>Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these eating disorders is characterized by engaging in recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging, excessive exercise, or fasting?

    <p>Bulimia Nervosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical gender ratio for people with Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>10:1 Female to Male (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Pica

    Persistent intake of non-food substances like plaster or dirt.

    Rumination Disorder

    Repeated regurgitation of food, which may be re-chewed or spit out.

    Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

    Restrictive eating that leads to failure to meet nutritional needs.

    Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

    Psychiatric disorder with an obsession to lose weight and a negative body image.

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    Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

    Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting.

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    Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

    Repeated episodes of eating large amounts of food without compensation.

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    Intense fear of gaining weight

    A key feature of Anorexia Nervosa that persists despite weight loss.

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    DSM-V-TR criteria

    Criteria used for diagnosing eating disorders like Anorexia and Bulimia.

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    Russel's Sign

    Scars or calluses on the dorsum of the hand from purging.

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    Bradycardia

    Abnormally slow heart rate, often seen in anorexia.

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    Hypophosphatemia

    Low phosphate levels in the blood, risk during refeeding.

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    Amenorrhea

    Absence of menstruation, common in anorexia.

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    Cognitive decline

    Mental deterioration during starvation, reversible with weight restoration.

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    Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

    Obsessive focus on a minor or imagined physical defect, often in face or head.

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    Anorexia Nervosa (Restricting Type)

    Weight loss through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise without bingeing or purging.

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    Anorexia Nervosa (Binge-Purge Type)

    Involves binge eating and purging, may misuse laxatives and diuretics.

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    Severity of Anorexia Nervosa

    Classified by BMI: Mild (>17), Moderate (16-16.99), Severe (15-15.99), Extreme (<15).

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    Associated Disorders with Anorexia

    Commonly linked with depression, OCD, anxiety, and personality disorders.

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    Study Notes

    Feeding and Eating Disorders

    • This presentation covers various feeding and eating disorders, diagnostic criteria, medical and psychiatric manifestations, treatment levels, and prognosis.
    • The learning objectives are to differentiate eating disorders, understand DSM-V-TR criteria for specific subtypes (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder), describe associated medical and psychiatric manifestations, and summarize treatment levels.

    Eating Disorders: Pica

    • Pica is characterized by persistently eating non-nutritive substances.
    • Onset typically occurs between 1 and 2 years of age.
    • Individuals with Pica are at risk for lead poisoning, bezoars (masses of undigested material), and intestinal obstruction.
    • These non-food substances ingested can include plaster, paint, hair, sand, insects, leaves, dirt, and clay.

    Feeding/Eating Disorder: Pica

    • Regular ingestion of non-nutritive substances.
    • Materials consumed can include plaster, paint, hair, sand, insects, leaves, dirt, and clay.

    Eating Disorders: Rumination Disorder and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

    • Rumination disorder involves repeated regurgitation of food, which may be re-chewed and re-swallowed or spit out.
    • ARFID is characterized by restrictive eating, preventing individuals from meeting their nutritional needs.

    Eating Disorders: Specific Types

    • Anorexia Nervosa (AN): Psychiatric disorder marked by an obsessive desire to lose weight, rooted in a negative body image.
    • Bulimia Nervosa (BN): Psychiatric disorder including a negative body image, an obsessive desire to lose weight, binge eating, and maladaptive weight loss strategies.
    • Binge eating disorder (BED): A psychiatric disorder featuring binge eating episodes with feelings of lack of control during and negative feelings afterward, without compensatory behaviors.

    Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

    • Description: A psychiatric disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight driven by a negative body image.

    • Prevalence: More common in females (1-3%), with a lower prevalence in males (0.1-0.2%). The female-to-male ratio is approximately 10:1.

    • Onset: Usually in adolescence or young adulthood; can manifest later, sometimes related to an adverse event.

    • Associated Features: Higher academic and socio-economic groups, and a common concern with weight and shape.

    • DSM-V-TR Criteria: Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to significantly low body weight (relative to growth goals). Intense fear of gaining weight, or becoming fat, that is not eased by weight loss. Distorted body image concerning weight, size, and shape.

    • Subtypes: Restricting type characterized by weight loss through dieting or excessive exercise, without bingeing or purging. Binge eating-purging type involves excessive dieting, fasting, or exercising, coupled with bingeing and/or purging during a current episode (laxative, diuretic, diet pill, enema abuse possible).

    • Severity: Classified based on BMI: Mild (BMI ≥ 17), Moderate (16–16.99), Severe (15–15.99), and Extreme (BMI < 15).

    • Associated Disorders: Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders (e.g., social phobia), and personality disorders.

    • Psychological Features: Feelings of ineffectiveness, fear of eating in public, rigid control, limited spontaneity, and controlled emotional expressions.

    • Physical Findings: Emaciation, hypotension, hypothermia, dry skin, lanugo hair, bradycardia, decreased bone density, hair thinning, peripheral edema, electrolyte disturbances, and potential dental enamel erosion (with purging).

    • Associated Medical Issues: Refeeding syndrome, metabolic issues, and potentially life-threatening complications.

    • Etiology: Possible genetic predisposition, gender, age, ethnicity, puberty, medical illnesses, and psychostimulant-related weight loss.

    • AN Physical Findings (cont'd): Frequent vomiting possible leading to metabolic alkalosis. Frequent laxative use can lead to metabolic acidosis, possible amenorrhea, and cognitive decline in starvation, but usually reversible, although cautious refeeding can be crucial.

    • AN Associated Considerations: Highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders. Half of AN fatalities are cardiac related: other half suicide attempts.

    • AN Proposed Etiology (cont'd): Possible stressors, perfectionism, cognitive rigidity, anxiety disorders, self-esteem issues, family perfectionism concerns, Western-culture/social media influences.

    • Hospitalization Criteria (AN): Less than 75% of ideal body weight, hypothermia, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, severe electrolyte abnormalities, acute medical complications, severe depression, and/or suicidality, and or refractory to outpatient treatment.

    • Treatment options: Residential treatment centers, acute inpatient hospitalization, partial hospitalization programs, intensive outpatient programs, and outpatient.

    Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

    • Description: A psychiatric disorder where negative body image, obsessive desire to lose weight, binge eating, and maladaptive weight loss strategies occur repeatedly.
    • DSM-V-TR Criteria: Recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, exercise). Self-image unduly influenced by body shape and weight. The disturbance not solely confined to anorexia nervosa.
    • BN-DSM-V-TR (cont'd): Binge eating is often rapid and excessive, while the individual feels a loss of control—and this is followed by compensatory measures or purging behaviors.
    • Physical Findings: Often in the normal weight range, dental enamel loss/caries, salivary/parotid gland enlargement, calluses/scars on the hand (Russel's Sign), potentially serious cardiac and skeletal myopathies, possible laxative abuse. Fluid-electrolyte imbalances, potentially deadly complications (e.g. esophageal tears or gastric ruptures), can occur.
    • Prevalence: Female-to-male ratio is typically 3:1.
    • Associated Features: Often have substance abuse or dependence; depression/anxiety, and personality disorders.
    • Treatment: Similar levels of care as AN (residential, inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient).
    • Prognosis: Over 10-year follow-up period, 50% reported symptom-free status; some showed gradual improvement; others continued with daily bingeing/purging.

    Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

    • Description: Psychiatric disorder characterized by recurring binge eating sessions combined with a sense of lack of control and negative emotions triggered by the binges.
    • DSM-V-TR Criteria: Recurrent episodes of binge eating; distress regarding binges; no compensatory behaviors; binges are not confined to anorexia or bulimia episodes; eating episodes feature characteristics like rapid eating, feeling uncomfortably full, eating in private, a sense of lack of control, experiencing shame, guilt, disgust, or depressed mood. Recurrence once a week for 3 months.
    • Associated Factors: Distress during binges. Usually normal weight or overweight/obese, and does not directly correlate to obesity severity in terms of comorbidity.
    • Treatment: Similar levels of care as AN and BN (residential, inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient).
    • The combination of parasomnia (like parasomnias, sleep behaviors) and eating disorder may include binge eating and purging, with strange food combinations.
    • Events can potentially occur during Stage 3 sleep or late at night.
    • The level of recall next day can range significantly.

    Obesity

    • Prevalence: 25-50% of adults in the United States are considered obese; 17% of children fall into this category; and the male-to-female ratio is 1:3.
    • BMI Classification: BMI is used for classification. Body mass index under 18.5 is considered underweight; BMI between 18.5-24.9 is considered a normal weight: 25-29.9 is categorized as overweight; and BMI greater than or equal to 30 is classified as obese.
    • Obesity is NOT a psychiatric or eating disorder: Mortality from all causes is found to be 50%-100% higher in those with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 compared to those with a normal weight. 45% of women and 25% of men are dieting at any one time.

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    Feeding and Eating Disorders PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Anorexia Nervosa with this quiz that covers physical findings, psychological features, and complications associated with the disorder. You'll answer questions about its types, BMI classifications, and related symptoms. Perfect for students or anyone interested in understanding this serious eating disorder.

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