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Questions and Answers
Which of the following pairs of sugars are epimers of each other?
Which of the following pairs of sugars are epimers of each other?
- Glucose and galactose
- Fructose and galactose
- Xylulose and ribulose (correct)
- Mannose and glucuronic acid
What is the relationship between glucuronic acid and iduronic acid?
What is the relationship between glucuronic acid and iduronic acid?
- They are epimers of each other (correct)
- They are enantiomers of each other
- They are anomers of each other
- They are diastereomers of each other
Which of the following statements about anomers is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about anomers is incorrect?
- Anomers are pairs of sugars that differ only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at carbon 1
- Anomers can be interconverted under acidic conditions
- Anomers can be interconverted under basic conditions
- Anomers are pairs of sugars that differ only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at carbon 2 (correct)
Which of the following compounds is not a glycone?
Which of the following compounds is not a glycone?
What is the precursor to neuraminic acid?
What is the precursor to neuraminic acid?
Which of the following compounds is a steroid?
Which of the following compounds is a steroid?
What is the relationship between D-glucose and galactose?
What is the relationship between D-glucose and galactose?
Which of the following compounds is not a glycoside?
Which of the following compounds is not a glycoside?
What is the aglycone in digoxin?
What is the aglycone in digoxin?
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Study Notes
Anomers
- Anomers are a special type of diastereomers that differ only around the anomeric carbon (first carbon in glucose, second carbon in fructose).
- Anomerism is seen only in ring structures and is due to the cyclization of sugars.
- The new asymmetric carbon is the anomeric carbon, which was previously symmetric.
Cyclization of Sugars
- Cyclization converts a chain into an anna asymmetric carbon.
- This new asymmetric carbon is the anomeric carbon.
Anomeric Carbon
- If the OH group of the anomeric carbon is above the plane of the pyranose ring or at the same plane as C6, it is known as a β anomer.
- If the OH group of the anomeric carbon is below the plane of the pyranose ring or to the opposite plane of C6, it is known as an α anomer.
Furanose and Pyranose Rings
- Fructose can form both pyranose and furanose rings.
- Phosphorylated fructose exists exclusively as a furanose ring.
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are large chains of sugar (>10) units joined together.
- They can be linear or branched.
- Homoglycans are polymers made up of only one type of monosaccharide.
- Heteroglycans are polymers made up of more than one type of monosaccharide.
Types of Polysaccharides
- Examples of homoglycans: starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
- Examples of heteroglycans: glycosamino glycans.
Classification of Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides can be classified into structural and storage polysaccharides.
- Examples of structural polysaccharides: cellulose and chitin.
- Examples of storage polysaccharides: starch and glycogen.
Epimers
- Mannose and galactose are epimers of each other.
- Xylulose and ribulose are epimers of each other.
- Glucuronic acid and iduronic acid are epimers of each other.
Other Facts
- Neuraminic acid is derived from pyruvate and mannosamine.
- Glycosamino glycans are examples of heteroglycans.
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Description
Learn about anomers, a type of diastereomers that differ around the anomeric carbon. Test your knowledge of organic chemistry concepts!
