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Study Notes
Annelida Phylum
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Polychaeta (Marine Worms):
- Characterized by parapodia (paired appendages) with many setae (bristles)
- Have eyes and sensory tentacles on their head
- Some are active predators, others filter feeders
- Feeding includes predation, scavenging, suspension feeding, and deposit feeding
- Some build protective tubes of sand grains, mud, or calcium carbonate
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Oligochaeta (Earthworms):
- Lack parapodia, have fewer setae along their body
- Lack eyes and tentacles
- Mostly terrestrial or freshwater
- Move by peristaltic waves (muscle contractions)
- Hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs in one worm)
- Fertilization is external; cocoons are formed
- Importance: improve soil aeration and nutrient mixing
-
Hirudinea (Leeches):
- Lack parapodia and setae
- Possess a posterior sucker for attachment
- Mostly ectoparasites, feeding on the blood of vertebrates or invertebrates
- Secrete anticoagulants during feeding
- Some species possess toothed jaws for incisions
- Move by attaching and detaching their suckers
- Hermaphroditic with internal fertilization
- Importance: used in medicine to improve blood flow and remove clots
General Annelida Characteristics
- Body Structure: Segmented worms with a series of repeating segments (metamerism)
- Body Wall: Flexible body wall with a protective cuticle; allows for locomotion and gas exchange
- Respiration: Gas exchange across a thin body wall
- Excretion: Waste removal via nephridia (kidney-like structures)
- Locomotion: Peristaltic waves for crawling and burrowing; some have parapodia for swimming.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Annelida, including its major classes: Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea. Learn about their unique features, feeding habits, and ecological importance. This quiz will test your understanding of these segmented worms and their significance in various environments.
