Snell Ankle Joint Anatomy Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Synovial, plane, gliding (correct)

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial, hinge

Which structure is NOT a ligament associated with the distal tibiofibular joint?

Bifurcated ligament (correct)

Interosseous ligament

Inferior transverse ligament

Anterior ligament of distal tibiofibular joint

Which nerve supplies the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Tibial nerve

Sural nerve

Common fibular nerve (correct)

Femoral nerve

What is the primary role of the interosseous membrane?

Connect the shafts of the tibia and fibula Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the ankle joint do the medial and lateral malleoli play a structural role?

Talocrural joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament does NOT connect the tibia and fibula?

Anterior talofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is permitted by the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Gliding movement Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does NOT articulate with the talus?

Cuboid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the higher frequency of medial meniscus injuries compared to the lateral meniscus?

Its stronger attachment to the medial collateral ligament Signup and view all the answers

During a meniscal injury, what typically occurs when the excessive grinding force affects the medial meniscus?

It splits along its length Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a knee joint is 'locked' after a meniscal tear?

The torn part is wedged between the articular surfaces Signup and view all the answers

How does the popliteus muscle influence the lateral meniscus during sudden knee movements?

It can pull the meniscus into a better position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing pneumoarthrography on the knee joint?

To visualize soft tissue structures using air Signup and view all the answers

In arthroscopy, what is typically visualized and assessed within the knee joint?

Cruciate ligaments and menisci Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed at the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Synovial, plane, gliding joint Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the distal tibiofibular joint?

Articulation between the fibular notch and lower end of the fibula Signup and view all the answers

What type of tears can occur in the medial meniscus as described in the figures?

Complete bucket handle tears and peripheral tears Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lateral meniscus when the femur rotates on the tibia?

It is pulled into an abnormal position but is more mobile Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the extension of the knee joint?

Quadriceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a tear in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) generally have on the knee joint?

It leads to instability during weight bearing. Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament injury is associated with forced abduction of the tibia on the femur?

Medial collateral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a sprain in the medial collateral ligament?

Tenderness over the femoral or tibial attachments Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is anterior to the knee joint?

Prepatellar bursa Signup and view all the answers

Injury to which ligament is most frequently encountered in the knee?

Anterior cruciate ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which movement of the knee joint is primarily assisted by the biceps femoris muscle?

Lateral rotation Signup and view all the answers

What guidance is noted for the synovial membrane of the knee joint when damaged?

It can become distended with fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the right knee joint classified as?

Synovial joint of the plane gliding variety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

Strengthen the posterior aspect of the capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligaments is classified as an intracapsular ligament?

Anterior cruciate ligament Signup and view all the answers

Where does the medial collateral ligament attach?

To the medial condyle of the femur and the medial shaft of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament attaches to the lower border of the patella?

Ligamentum patellae Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes extracellular ligaments from intracapsular ligaments?

They lie outside the joint capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament lies between the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus?

Popliteus tendon Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments are named according to their tibial attachments?

Cruciate ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)?

Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure descends beneath the quadriceps femoris muscle above the patella?

Suprapatellar Bursa Signup and view all the answers

Which meniscus is less mobile due to its attachment to the medial collateral ligament?

Medial meniscus Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the synovial membrane reflecting forward from the posterior part of the ligamentum patellae?

Formation of the infrapatellar fold. Signup and view all the answers

What type of ligament attaches to both the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and the posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Signup and view all the answers

Which bursa is found in relation to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Semimembranosus Bursa Signup and view all the answers

How are the upper surfaces of the menisci related to the femoral condyles?

They are concave and directly in contact. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)?

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily found at the back of the knee joint associated with the popliteus?

Popliteal Bursa Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament primarily prevents the tibia from being pulled anteriorly relative to the femur when the knee is flexed?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting adduction of the hip joint?

Ligament of the head of the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is not involved in the flexion of the hip joint?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the hip joint from the sciatic nerve posteriorly?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles assists in abduction of the thigh?

Tensor fasciae latae Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament in hip movement?

Limits adduction and abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle groups are primarily responsible for extension of the hip?

Hamstrings and gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is associated with the anterior structures surrounding the hip joint?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What limits the medial rotation of the hip joint?

Tension in the ischiofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of inadequate blood supply to the femoral head following a fracture of the neck of the femur?

Avascular necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the knee joint?

It is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are primarily at risk during a neck of femur fracture in older adults?

Medial circumflex femoral arteries Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the knee joint, what are the medial and lateral tibial plateaus?

The articular surfaces of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is primarily present between the femur and tibia?

Synovial joint of the hinge variety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the knee joint as described?

Intervertebral disc Signup and view all the answers

Which bursa is associated with the quadriceps femoris muscle in the knee joint?

Suprapatellar bursa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hyaline cartilage found in the knee joint?

To absorb shock and reduce friction Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily responsible for preventing overextension during standing?

Iliofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Limit extension and abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is described as spiral shaped and limits hip extension?

Ischiofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

Where is the transverse acetabular ligament formed?

At the acetabular labrum Signup and view all the answers

What does the synovial membrane encase in the hip joint?

Ligament of the head of the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which artery primarily supplies blood to the head of the femur?

Medial circumflex femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of retinacula in relation to the hip joint?

They contain blood vessels supplying the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT found on the anterior aspect of the hip joint?

Ischiofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What role does the synovial membrane play in the hip joint?

It lines the joint capsule and covers articular surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which description accurately reflects the ligament of the head of the femur?

Flat and triangular, ensheathed by synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is present in the hip joint that helps deepen the acetabulum?

Fibrocartilaginous rim Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?

Ball-and-socket joint Signup and view all the answers

Where does the hip joint capsule attach laterally?

Intertrochanteric line of the femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the synovial membrane in the hip joint?

Secretes synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is essential for the attachment of the hip joint capsule medially?

Acetabular labrum Signup and view all the answers

What does the acetabular labrum bridge across to form the transverse acetabular ligament?

Acetabular notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the acetabular notch in the hip joint?

Creates a point of weakness in the socket Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is connected to the hip joint via ligaments during its articulation?

Sacroiliac joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is more powerful in the context of joint function?

Extensor group Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies both the hip and knee joints?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of congenital hip dislocation?

Failure of the upper lip of the acetabulum to develop Signup and view all the answers

Which factors contribute to hip joint stability when standing on one leg?

Normal location of the head of the femur within the acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

During traumatic hip dislocation, the head of the femur is typically displaced in which manner?

Posteriorly out of the acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a positive Trendelenburg sign?

Defective function of gluteus medius and minimus Signup and view all the answers

What type of event commonly causes traumatic hip dislocation?

Motor vehicle accidents Signup and view all the answers

What leads to referred pain in the front and medial sides of the thigh?

Nerve supply from the femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ankle Joint

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Articulates between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the fibula's head.
Classified as a synovial, plane, gliding joint.
Joint capsule surrounds and attaches to articular surfaces.
Anterior and posterior ligaments strengthen the joint capsule.
Interosseous membrane connects the shafts of the tibia and fibula.
Lined by synovial membrane, which also attaches to the articular surfaces.
Supplied by the common fibular nerve.
Allows minor gliding movement.

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

Connected at the fibular notch of the tibia and the lower end of the fibula.
Classified as a fibrous joint, lacking a capsule.
Interosseous ligament binds the tibia and fibula securely.
Anterior and posterior ligaments and inferior transverse ligament contribute to stability.

Right Ankle Joint Anatomy

Tibia: The larger bone in the lower leg.
Fibula: The smaller lower leg bone.
Talus: Articulates with the tibia and fibula.
Calcaneum: The heel bone.
Medial Malleolus: Prominence on the inside of the ankle.
Lateral Malleolus: Prominence on the outside of the ankle.
Tuberosity of Navicular: Bony prominence on the navicular bone.
Ligaments include:
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament: Connects calcaneum and navicular.
- Posterior ligament of the distal tibiofibular joint.
- Anterior talofibular ligament: Connects talus and fibula.
- Calcaneofibular ligament: Connects calcaneum and fibula.
- Bifurcated ligament: Connects talus and calcaneum.

Meniscal Injury

The medial meniscus is more frequently injured than the lateral due to its attachment to the medial collateral ligament.
Injuries occur when the femur rotates on a partially flexed tibia under weight.
Abnormal positioning can lead to severe grinding forces causing tears.
Meniscal tears lead to joint "locking" if torn parts wedge between articular surfaces.

Pneumoarthrography

Involves injection of air into the knee joint's synovial cavity, allowing visualization of soft tissues on radiographs.

Arthroscopy

A minimally invasive procedure using a lighted instrument to visualize internal knee structures for diagnostics.

Knee Joint Anatomy

The knee is the largest joint, consisting of condylar joints between femur and tibia and a gliding joint with the patella.
Covered with hyaline cartilage; known clinically as medial and lateral tibial plateaus.
Movements include flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation, facilitated by muscles like biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris.

Ligaments

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents posterior femur displacement.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Prevents anterior femur displacement.
Menisci serve to deepen tibial surfaces and cushion between bones.

Clinical Notes

Knee Joint Strength

Joint strength depends on ligament integrity and muscle tone, particularly the quadriceps.

Knee Injury

Synovial membrane injuries cause fluid distension, leading to swelling that extends above the patella.

Common Ligament Injuries

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments, ACL, and PCL are prone to sprains or tears during physical stress.

Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis

Common in older adults with neck of femur fractures, resulting in compromised blood flow to the head of the femur and potential necrosis.

Hip Joint Movements

Flexion: Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius.
Extension: Gluteus maximus, hamstrings.
Abduction: Gluteus medius and minimus, assisted by others.
Adduction: Adductor longus and brevis primarily.

Important Relations in the Hip Joint

Anteriorly: Iliopsoas and pectineus separate vessels from the joint.
Posteriorly: Muscles such as obturator internus separate the joint from the sciatic nerve.

Referred Hip Joint Pain

Hip joint pain may radiate to the front and medial thigh due to nerve supply overlaps.### Congenital and Traumatic Hip Dislocation
Congenital hip dislocation results from inadequate development of the acetabulum's upper lip, causing the femoral head to displace onto the gluteal surface of the ilium.
Traumatic hip dislocation is rare but typically occurs during motor vehicle accidents, often when the hip joint is flexed and adducted.
In traumatic dislocation, the femoral head usually displaces posteriorly and may injure the sciatic nerve due to its close proximity to the joint.

Hip Joint Stability and Trendelenburg Sign

Hip joint stability when standing on one leg requires normal function of the gluteus medius and minimus, proper placement of the femoral head within the acetabulum, and an intact femoral neck.
A defective component results in the pelvis sinking on the unsupported side, indicating a positive Trendelenburg sign.

Hip Joint Anatomy

The hip joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint formed by the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone.
The acetabulum's articular surface is horseshoe-shaped, deepened by a fibrocartilaginous rim known as the acetabular labrum.

Ligaments of the Hip Joint

The iliofemoral ligament is a strong inverted Y-shaped structure that prevents overextension of the hip.
The pubofemoral ligament limits extension and abduction and has a triangular shape with its base attached to the pubis.
The ischiofemoral ligament, spiral-shaped, restricts extension and connects from the ischium to the greater trochanter.
The transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch, facilitating entry for blood vessels and nerves.
The ligament of the head of the femur connects to the fovea capitis and is ensheathed by the synovial membrane, providing stability to the femoral head.

Synovial Membrane

The synovial membrane lines the joint capsule, covering the neck of the femur, and ensheathed structures like the ligament of the head of the femur and the fat pad in the acetabular fossa.
A pouch of synovial membrane can extend through gaps, forming the psoas bursa beneath the psoas tendon.

Major Joints of the Lower Limb

Major lower limb joints include the hip, knee, and ankle, alongside numerous intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in the foot.
Pelvic joints include the sacroiliac joints and pubic symphysis, essential for lower limb and pelvic movement coordination.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the ankle joint, focusing on the proximal tibiofibular joint. This quiz covers articulation, type of joint, capsule structure, ligaments, and synovial membrane. Evaluate your understanding of these critical components of human anatomy.