Animation using Synfig

Creating Animation Using Synfig

• Animation is a visual change over time achieved by playing digital images one after another.
• Frames define the length of time in a document.
• Each frame consists of an object to be displayed.
• Tweening calculates the number of frames between keyframes and the path of the action.
• Animation created using tweening is known as morphing animation.
• Kinematics is another type of computer animation.
• Morphing is an effect that transforms one image into another.
• FPS stands for frames per second.
• The Transform tool in Synfig is used to make changes in a drawn circle.
• A time loop is used to repeat an animation.
• Properties of objects are the changes made in key frames.
• The timebar displays the position of time.
• 's' in the timebar signifies seconds.
• By default, each second is divided into 24 frames.
• A timebar shows 5s 12f if 12 frames pass in 5 seconds.
• The canvas property dialog box in Synfig has 3 tabs.
• The Rectangle Tool is used to create a background in Synfig.
• JMP means Jump.

Introduction to Layers

• A layer in Synfig represents the different levels where drawing objects or pictures can be placed, stacked above and below each other.
• Each individual element of the canvas is broken down into layers.
• Synfig layers are different from other animation software.
• Composite is the default setting in Blend mode, displaying the content of the layer.
• Press and hold CTRL key to select two layers.
• Encapsulation means grouping things together.
• To apply a gradient to an object or a group of objects, encapsulate them into a layer.
• Blend mode defines how the image is layered on everything below it.
• Clicking on a small triangle near the inline canvas will expand to show the related layers.
• Repositioning the gradient layer, using the lower layer button, makes the gradient applicable to only one circle layer.
• Select Create Outline Bline from the Tool option panel after selecting the Bline tool to create a path for rotation.
• The ESC key clears the Bline.
• Link to Bline feature attaches a vertex of an object to a Bline.
• An object, element, effect contains its own layer.
• The use of layers gives the user the freedom to work with each object individually.
• A filter layer is used to distort or modify layers.
• The parameter of Blend Method can be found in params.
• Composite shows the information lying on a layer.
• Lower Layer button is used for the rearrangement of gradient layers.
• Using a blur layer on top of the layers inside the inline canvas would blur the inline canvas layers.
• The palette editor is used to fill in the desired color in an object.
• Rotate layer is inserted above the circle layer to rotate the layer.
• Encapsulate combines the circle layer and the rotate layer.
• SHIFT key is used to select two layers at a time.
• 0s indicates the starting location in a timeline.
• 0f shows where the way-point is inserted.
• Each layer has its own set of parameters.

Using Pictures in Synfig

• To import Image choose Import -> Image.
• The key combination CTRL + i imports an image.
• Selecting encapsulate by right clicking on the image layer adds an inline canvas layer.
• Rotation duck is blue.
• With rotation duck an image can be rotated as desired.
• SHIFT is the key to select multiple images
• There are two options for importing an image on canvas.
• There are four dots that show in Synfig for changing image size.
• What is added in Synfig to rotate image? Rotation Duck

Basic Ubuntu Linux Commands

• It is possible to open the command-line console in the Linux graphical interface using the Terminal window
• To open a terminal window, press Ctrl + Alt + t
• CLI stands for Command Line Interface
• GUI stands for Graphical User Interface
• The home directory is represented by the ~ symbol
• In the command prompt, a $ symbol follows the username as the first word
• The acronym for Bourne shell is sh
• Bourne shell (sh) is the earliest Unix shell used for command line interface.
• The acronym for korn shell is ksh
• Both (a) and (b) are acronyms of C Shell
• The acronym of base shell is sh
• The cp command copies a file or a group of files
• The cp command requires two arguments
• ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• The command to change the permission of a file is chmod
• In Linux, Ctrl + d indicates the end of file character
• Command is used to execute it and display result as per given instruction

Basic Ubuntu Commands Part 2

• To display the value of any variable, the echo command is used.
• As they're executed by the kernel, binary files will generate a process ID at the time of execution.
• Commands directly executed by the shell are called internal.
• Command type may be used to identify whether a command is internal or external.
• Most of the commands used in Linux are external.
• To display the calendar for a specific month or the entire year cal command is used.
• cal 06 2013displays the calendar for June 2013.
• Command Cal 2013 displays the calendar of entire year of 2013
• In date command, each format is preceded by % symbol.
• To get a short description of a command, use the whatis command.
• The cd command changes the directory.
• To return to the previous directory, use cd ...
• The sign used to assign a permission is +
• The sign used to remove permission is -
• The command for copying files test1, test2, test3 to the directory named ankit is cp test1 test2 test3 ankit.
• A symbol that is treated as a hidden file is .
• The * symbol is a wildcard character.
• With the exception of the backslash, Linux can practically consist of any ASCII character.
• In Linux, a filename can be composed of up to 255 characters.
• To delete a non-empty directory with all of its contents we use the command rm –r

VIM Editor and Basic Scripting

• Gedit is a graphical editor avaliable with GNOME desktop environment
• In Linux the output of the command available is displayed on the screen
• Shell executes all commands in the text file sequentially
• All the command avaliable in the text file in a sequence is called shell scripts
• Kwriter is a graphical editor avaliable with KDE desktop environment.
• VIM is a text editor written by Bram Moolenaar
• Vim text editor was publicly released in 1991
• VIM can be opened in 2 ways
• It is a good option to start the vim editor by specifying the file name
• A "vi" screen is filled with a tilde (~) sign on the left side of the screen
• That is called a tilde
• The last line is known as the command line
• VIM editor functions in 3 different modes
• An insert mode allows type text into the file or navigate it
• To toggle between the command mode and the insert mode, press Esc
• Command to insert text before the current cursor position: a
• Command to append text at the end of the current line: A
• Command to insert from the beginning of a line: I
• Command to insert in a new line above the current cursor position: O
• Command to insert in a new line below the current cursor position: O (capital “o”)
• The last line mode is normally used for operations like quitting the VIM session or saving a file

Advanced Scripting VIM Editor

• In command mode, press ":" to enter last line mode, then press "?", "*".
• The command :w saves a file and keeps the editor open.
• The command :wq saves a file and closes the editor.
• The commands to save a file and exist editing mode are:!q and :wq
• Command :q will be used to quit the editing mode when no changes are made.
• The command"vi filename" is used to edit a document.
• .sh extension is basically used to specify that file is a shell script.
• The $ symbol extracts a value from a variable.
• The cat command creates a file.

Advanced Scripting

• In Linux, all programs are executed as processes
• Each process has a unique number – the process ID, or PID
• Command used to see the processes associated with the current shell without any parameters: ps
• Command used to view the process of all the user: ps –ef
• The read command reads data from the standard input device
• To remove a process from memory use the kill command
• if-then-fi is construct shell scripts allows to perform decision making.
• The if statement of Linux is concerned with the of an expression exit status
• Exit status of command is 0 when executed succesfully
• Exit status of command is 1 when it has been not executed successfully
• read name command assigns the string to be read from keyboard to variable `name.

Advanced Scriping part 2

• Command line arguments are known as $1 to $9
• The end of "if" statements is indicated by "fi".
• We can use 4 decision making instructions while creating a shell script in Linux.
• -gt operator can be used for numerical test for greater than
• "–lt" operator can be used for numerical test `less than?
• "–ge" operator can be used for numerical test `greater than or equal to?
• "–le" operator can be used for numerical test `less than or equal to?
• "-ne" operator can be used for numerical test `not equal to?
• "-eq" operator can be used for numerical test `equal to?
• 6 relational operators are used to compare two numeric operands.
• To combine conditions use logical operators.
• The shell allows the usage of three logical operators while testing a condition.
• The operator used to convert true to false and vice versa is NOT.
• The operator used to check the status of the file is file.
• All the statements written within that section are executed until :: are encountered.
• The end of the case statement is specified by esac keyword
• Cleaning disk space is a normal operation carried out by the administrator.
• Linux facilitates the looping command, meaning the same command can be performed at a fixed number of times.
• Linux facilitates three types of loop statements.
• The loop allowed to specify a list of values in the loop statement is for
• The admin activity responsible for taking backup of files is all of these.

Database Management System

• Strong helping hand in taking (A) data in information systems today
• An event is known as(A) Data of kinds of facts, figures and details related people places, things
• The 3rd must processed in proper way to generate the information. A) Data
• Can be described requirement result (A) data
• Collection store organized manner(A) Database
• Way of Storing retriebing data (A)Data model
• Knowns as (A) DB Management
• A popular DBMS software available A) All
• Base database part of (A) office suits
• A) Relational Db Management System
• E.F codd
• Objects are to store info (Entities objects)
• Attribuation associated A ATTRIBUTES
• Tabular
• Query report
• Data report structure
• Data type define store struct(B
• Into 3 Base

Introduction to Database Management System Continued

• Data type depend to enter A var char
• Character that are in the field that type used awareness
• 64k long character will type be given to store
• Needs code only ASCII code a one byte character to sotre
• Standard code will have to more bytes per standard code.
• ASCII Code for Unicode B
• Least consumption use of number (Boolean A
• 16 has an interger to have tiny byt 26 C
• Amount byte 1 to occupied( 1 tiny int
• Integer by 8 occupied
• Recording designed timestamp by event at once
• Storing stores attribute has type A date C timestamp
• 1 type time attribute seconds