Animals and Livestock Welfare

Mastitis due to bacterial contamination from poor housing hygiene

Treatment of lower-value breeding mares

34%

<p>Catastrophic fractures of limb bones and supporting structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.4 in 1000 starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation and product assurance methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunocastration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For following animal welfare regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate change may make suitable habitats for domestic and wild animals become unsuitable or shift geographically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature effects on sex determination/ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ocean pH change affecting shell integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing animals with necessities of life, nourishment, basic health care, and treatment if they fall ill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of Cruelty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public behavior, rather than legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concern for an animal's wellbeing, ensuring humane treatment and avoiding unnecessary suffering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal rights advocates argue that animals should have a right to consent, and human utilization of animals contravenes this right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of more intensive farming methods, such as mechanization, increased efficiency, genetic selection, and targeted nutrition, led to concerns about animal welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The original five freedoms were: space to turn around, groom themselves, get up, lie down, and stretch their limbs. These were developed into the modern five freedoms, focusing on freedom from hunger or thirst, discomfort, pain or disease, and fear or distress, as well as freedom to express normal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five domains (nutrition, environment, health, behavior, and mental state) capture animal welfare throughout time. Positive experiences in these domains contribute to good welfare, while negative experiences detract from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confinement of animals is a significant welfare issue, as it can limit freedom of movement and access to resources, compromising animal welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical husbandry practices, such as mulesing, castration, and dehorning, cause pain and compromise animal welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-distance transport can lead to poor welfare outcomes due to stress, discomfort, and potential pain or injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five freedoms provide a general framework for animal welfare, while the five domains offer a more detailed understanding of the specific aspects of animal welfare that need to be considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased metabolic rate, resulting in weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of cilia and the mucosal barrier, leading to increased susceptibility to respiratory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 ppm and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reluctance to drink, diarrhea, loss of production, and decline in health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to infectious diseases, allergic reactions, respiratory symptoms, and lung function impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for particles to cause health effects is related to their size, with fine particles being more hazardous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolved oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced neonatal survival and death from hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the airways (inhalation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flow and the rate of diffusion out of the capillary bed and into the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alter the physical properties of the toxin from lipophilic to hydrophilic, favoring excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate a total score for each animal based on the merit in each trait, allowing for the selection of parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 1 reactions followed by Phase 2 reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive assortative mating involves mating individuals with similar phenotypes, while negative assortative mating involves mating individuals with unlike phenotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Termination of the toxin's effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inbreeding can lead to an increased incidence of genetic defects and a reduction in the population mean, known as inbreeding depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize inbreeding and increase genetic diversity, thereby reducing the incidence of genetic defects and improving population fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the eventual distribution of toxins into different body fluid compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progeny value = ½ * bull value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two are in equilibrium, with the stored toxin continually being released into the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve the efficiency of production and product quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culling is the process of determining which parents will no longer remain parents, while replacement selection involves selecting new animals to become parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To express selection indices as net profit per cow mated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an island, uninhabited, and has a suitable habitat for rabbits that mimics their natural habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virus was detected in two sentinel sites outside the quarantine area, and eventually a dead rabbit was detected on the mainland due to mechanical transmission from bush flies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A greater effort to reduce insect-borne transmission, testing on an isolated island further from the mainland, and a less misleading media release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vCJD is a variant of CJD that mimics BSE, and there should have been a greater investigation into the transmission of BSE before claiming beef consumption was safe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They made claims that eating beef was safe, which was actually the root cause of the disease and propagated transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can provide insights into the potential of RHDV as a biocontrol agent against rabbits and illustrate the importance of strict biosecurity protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The studies demonstrate the interconnectedness of animal and human health, as the transmission of RHDV has implications for both rabbit and human populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoonoses, like RHDV, can be transmitted between animals and humans, and understanding their transmission is crucial for developing effective control and prevention strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the type of pathogen, using genomic sequencing to identify whether the disease in animals is the same as in humans, and testing if the pathogen isolated from an animal will cause disease in the animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody tests indicate whether the animal/person has had the disease in the past, and if there are active pathogens in the tissues, it indicates the animal/person is an asymptomatic carrier of the disease (reservoir host).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bats have dampened down their inflammatory response as an adaptation to flying, which makes them well-protected against viruses, allowing them to act as reservoirs and transmitters of viral zoonoses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MERS, SARS, and Ebola.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contact with animal saliva, particularly when it comes into contact with fresh wounds or unprotected mucous membranes of non-vaccinated animals/people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioural change, progressive paralysis, coma, and then death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because natural infection is extremely rare with no clinical signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to determine whether the disease in animals is the same as in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers