Animal Systems - Lesson 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive system?

  • To emulsify fats (correct)
  • To absorb nutrients
  • To neutralize acidic chyme
  • To digest proteins

    • Glucose and amino acids are both absorbed via passive transport in the intestines.

    False (B)

    What are the tiny projections on each villus that increase absorption area called?

    microvilli

    The pancreas secretes ________ which contains enzymes for digestion.

    <p>pancreatic juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive enzymes with their functions:

    <p>Peptidases = Digests proteins Pancreatic amylase = Digests carbohydrates Chymotrypsin = Digests proteins Carboxypeptidase = Digests peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of essential nutrients?

    <p>Macronutrients and Micronutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides are simpler than disaccharides.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the digestive system in nutrient processing?

    <p>To break down food into smaller molecules that cells use for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ are the basic unit of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into simpler compounds.

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of carbohydrates with their descriptions:

    <p>Monosaccharides = Simple sugars like glucose and fructose Disaccharides = Double sugars formed from two monosaccharides Polysaccharides = Complex carbohydrates made of many sugars Glycogen = Form in which glucose is stored in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a polysaccharide that stores energy in plants?

    <p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein is classified as a micronutrient.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do carbohydrates primarily provide for the body?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fat contains a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acid tails?

    <p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins can be stored in the body regardless of their solubility.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called through which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce energy?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fiber is also known as __________ because it is not completely digestible.

    <p>roughage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Antibodies = Help the immune system Probiotics = Support gut health Essential amino acids = Must be obtained through diet Bile = Aids in fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are types of fats?

    <p>Saturated fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mouth primarily uses chemical digestion to break down food.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one essential role of water in the human body.

    <p>Transport nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bolus is formed in the mouth and then passed to the __________.

    <p>pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fiber in the digestive system?

    <p>Acts as roughage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids are made exclusively of fatty acids.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the waste material removed from the body during digestion?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach turns the bolus into a substance called __________.

    <p>chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the small intestine with their functions:

    <p>Duodenum = Receives bile from the gallbladder Jejunum = Main site of nutrient absorption Ileum = Absorbs remaining nutrients and bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Animal Systems - Lesson 1

    • Food contains nutrients needed for energy and growth
    • A balanced diet provides necessary fuel and building blocks for good health
    • Food processing is essential for the body to effectively utilize nutrients
    • Food processing occurs in four stages

    Nutrients

    • All living things require nutrients, which are basic chemical building blocks
    • There are six essential nutrients categorized as macronutrients (needed in larger amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller amounts)

    Macronutrients

    • Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

    • Carbohydrates can be simple molecules like glucose or complex molecules like starch

    • Simple sugars are found in fruits (fructose) and milk (lactose). Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose

    • Monosaccharides are the basic units of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down further

    • Monosaccharides combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

    • Disaccharides are double sugars formed from the bonding of monosaccharides

    • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates, composed of many simple sugars linked together. Examples include starch and glycogen.

    • Proteins are made up of amino acids

    • Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form polypeptides (long chains).

    • Proteins are involved in building and repairing muscles and cell membranes.

    • Humans cannot produce nine essential amino acids. They must be obtained through diet.

    • Fats (lipids) provide energy and building materials for cell membranes and hormones

    • Fats are made of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acid tails

    • Types of fats include saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.

    • Water is essential for many bodily functions. It comprises roughly two-thirds of the body's mass.

    Micronutrients

    • Vitamins and minerals are needed in smaller amounts for various body functions
    • Minerals are inorganic compounds, like calcium.
    • Vitamins and minerals are necessary components of enzymes, hormones, and other body functions.
    • Some vitamins are produced by the body, while others must be obtained through diet.

    Processing Molecules

    • The molecules in food are too large to be directly used by cells.
    • The digestive system breaks down these large molecules into smaller, simpler molecules cells can utilize for energy and function.
    • Macro-molecules are used to build and maintain cell structure and function.

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    Animal Systems PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of nutrients and their role in maintaining health in Animal Systems. This lesson covers a balanced diet, the importance of food processing, and the categorization of essential nutrients into macronutrients and micronutrients. Understand how carbohydrates function as energy sources within our diets.

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