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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is unique to the class Cyclostomata compared to other classes of mammals?
Which characteristic is unique to the class Cyclostomata compared to other classes of mammals?
What type of circulatory system do cyclostomes possess?
What type of circulatory system do cyclostomes possess?
What enables Chondrichthyes to float without an air bladder?
What enables Chondrichthyes to float without an air bladder?
Which feature is NOT associated with the skin of Chondrichthyes?
Which feature is NOT associated with the skin of Chondrichthyes?
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Which reproductive feature is common among many Chondrichthyes?
Which reproductive feature is common among many Chondrichthyes?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding Cyclostomata larvae?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Cyclostomata larvae?
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Which of the following is true about the jaw structure in Chondrichthyes?
Which of the following is true about the jaw structure in Chondrichthyes?
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What is the main role of the gill slits in Chondrichthyes?
What is the main role of the gill slits in Chondrichthyes?
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What type of symmetry is exhibited by animals which can be divided into identical halves through multiple planes?
What type of symmetry is exhibited by animals which can be divided into identical halves through multiple planes?
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Which characteristic is associated with diploblastic animals?
Which characteristic is associated with diploblastic animals?
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Which animal groups are classified as triploblastic?
Which animal groups are classified as triploblastic?
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What term describes the cavity present between the body wall and gut wall in certain animals?
What term describes the cavity present between the body wall and gut wall in certain animals?
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Which of the following correctly describes the presence of mesoglea?
Which of the following correctly describes the presence of mesoglea?
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In what situation would an organism be classified as asymmetrical?
In what situation would an organism be classified as asymmetrical?
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What distinguishes bilateral symmetry from radial symmetry in organisms?
What distinguishes bilateral symmetry from radial symmetry in organisms?
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Which embryonic layer is absent in diploblastic animals?
Which embryonic layer is absent in diploblastic animals?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Mollusca?
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Mollusca?
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Which of the following examples is classified as a gregarious pest?
Which of the following examples is classified as a gregarious pest?
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What is the primary function of the radula in Mollusca?
What is the primary function of the radula in Mollusca?
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Which one of the following statements related to the phylum Arthropoda is accurate?
Which one of the following statements related to the phylum Arthropoda is accurate?
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Which type of development is primarily associated with species in the Mollusca phylum?
Which type of development is primarily associated with species in the Mollusca phylum?
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Which of the following applies to the respiratory structures of Mollusca?
Which of the following applies to the respiratory structures of Mollusca?
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Which of the following is a venomous member of the phylum Arthropoda?
Which of the following is a venomous member of the phylum Arthropoda?
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In which specific environment do most molluscs thrive?
In which specific environment do most molluscs thrive?
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What does the term 'incomplete digestive system' refer to?
What does the term 'incomplete digestive system' refer to?
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Which type of circulatory system allows blood to bathe directly over the cells and tissues?
Which type of circulatory system allows blood to bathe directly over the cells and tissues?
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How are animals primarily categorized based on physical characteristics?
How are animals primarily categorized based on physical characteristics?
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What exemplifies a complete digestive system?
What exemplifies a complete digestive system?
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Which group of animals demonstrates an organ system level of organization?
Which group of animals demonstrates an organ system level of organization?
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What is a characteristic feature of the closed type circulatory system?
What is a characteristic feature of the closed type circulatory system?
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In terms of physiological function, what does the organ system level of organization imply?
In terms of physiological function, what does the organ system level of organization imply?
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Which of the following correctly illustrates the concept of 'symmetry' in animals?
Which of the following correctly illustrates the concept of 'symmetry' in animals?
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What structural feature distinguishes Osteichthyes from other fish classes?
What structural feature distinguishes Osteichthyes from other fish classes?
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Which feature is NOT typically associated with the Class Amphibia?
Which feature is NOT typically associated with the Class Amphibia?
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In Osteichthyes, how is buoyancy primarily regulated?
In Osteichthyes, how is buoyancy primarily regulated?
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Which of the following defines the typical heart structure in Amphibia?
Which of the following defines the typical heart structure in Amphibia?
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What is the primary mode of fertilization in Osteichthyes?
What is the primary mode of fertilization in Osteichthyes?
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Which characteristic is shared by both Osteichthyes and Amphibia?
Which characteristic is shared by both Osteichthyes and Amphibia?
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Which term accurately describes the developmental pattern of most Osteichthyes?
Which term accurately describes the developmental pattern of most Osteichthyes?
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What distinguishes the respiratory system of Amphibia from Osteichthyes?
What distinguishes the respiratory system of Amphibia from Osteichthyes?
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Study Notes
Animal Symmetry
- Sponges are mostly asymmetrical, meaning they cannot be divided into equal halves by any plane passing through their centre.
- Radial symmetry occurs when a plane passing through the central axis creates identical halves. Animals like coelenterates, ctenophores, and echinoderms demonstrate this symmetry.
- Bilateral symmetry is present in animals like annelids and arthropods, where only one plane can divide the body into identical left and right halves.
Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation
- Diploblastic animals, such as coelenterates, have cells arranged in two embryonic layers: an external ectoderm and internal endoderm. An undifferentiated layer called mesoglea exists between these layers.
- Triploblastic animals, encompassing platyhelminthes to chordates, have a third germinal layer called mesoderm situated between the ectoderm and endoderm.
Coelom
- The presence or absence of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is important for classification.
- This cavity, lined by mesoderm, is called the coelom.
- Animals like annelids, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, and chordates possess a coelom.
Organ System Level of Organisation
- Organ systems in different animal groups exhibit various levels of complexity.
- For example, the digestive system of platyhelminthes is incomplete, with only one opening serving as both mouth and anus.
- A complete digestive system possesses two openings: a mouth and an anus.
- Circulatory systems can be open or closed. In an open system, blood is pumped out of the heart and bathes cells directly. A closed system involves blood circulation through vessels of varying diameters.
Phylum Arthropoda
- Arthropods are the largest animal phylum, known for their jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton.
- This phylum includes diverse species, like insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods.
- Economically important insects include Apis (honey bee), Bombyx (silkworm), and Laccifer (lac insect).
- Vectors like Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes mosquitoes belong to this phylum.
- Locusta (locust) is a gregarious pest.
- Limulus (king crab) is known as a living fossil.
Phylum Mollusca
- This is the second largest animal phylum, consisting of terrestrial and aquatic molluscs.
- They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and coelomate animals.
- A calcareous shell covers their unsegmented body, which is divided into distinct head, muscular foot, and visceral hump.
- A mantle layer covers the visceral hump, creating a space called the mantle cavity that houses feather-like gills for respiration and excretion.
- Sensory tentacles are present in the head region.
- The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ called radula for feeding.
Class Cyclostomata
- All living members of this class are ectoparasites of fishes.
- They have an elongated body with 6-15 pairs of gill slits for respiration.
- Cyclostomes possess a circular sucking mouth without jaws.
- Their body lacks scales and paired fins.
- The cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous.
- Circulation is of the closed type.
- Cyclostomes are marine but migrate to freshwater for spawning.
Class Chondrichthyes
- These marine animals have streamlined bodies and cartilaginous endoskeletons.
- Their mouth is located ventrally.
- The notochord persists throughout their lifespan.
- Gill slits are separate and lack an operculum (gill cover).
- The skin is tough and contains minute placoid scales.
- Modified placoid scales form backwardly directed teeth.
- They are predaceous and lack an air bladder, requiring constant swimming to avoid sinking.
Class Osteichthyes
- This class includes both marine and freshwater fishes with bony endoskeletons.
- Their bodies are streamlined with a mostly terminal mouth.
- Four pairs of gills are covered by an operculum on each side.
- The skin is covered with cycloid or ctenoid scales.
- An air bladder regulates buoyancy.
- The heart is two-chambered.
- These are cold-blooded animals with separate sexes and external fertilization.
- Most are oviparous with direct development.
Class Amphibia
- Amphibians can live in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
- Most have two pairs of limbs and a body divisible into a head and trunk.
- Some may possess a tail.
- Amphibian skin is moist and lacks scales.
- They have eyelids and a tympanum (ear).
- Alimentary, urinary, and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called the cloaca.
- Respiration occurs through gills, lungs, and the skin.
- The heart is three-chambered, and they are cold-blooded.
- Sexes are separate and fertilization is external.
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Description
Explore the concepts of animal symmetry and body organization through this engaging quiz. Learn about asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral symmetry, as well as the differences between diploblastic and triploblastic organisms. Test your knowledge on coelom formation and its significance in animal classification.