Animal Sounds Quiz

Introduction to C Programming

• C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT&T Bell Labs, USA.
• It's a combination of B and BCPL languages.
• BCPL was developed by Richard Madrin in the 1960s.
• B was developed by Ken Thompson in the 1960s.
• C is a powerful language used for system applications.
• It directly interacts with hardware (e.g., drivers, kernels).
• C is the base for many other programming languages.
• Most compilers and JVMs are written in C.
• Many programming languages follow the syntax of C.

Features of C Programming

• It's a middle-level language.
• It combines features of both low-level and high-level programming languages.

High-Level Language Characteristics

• Simple English-like words (e.g., int x = 10;)
• Does not require specific memory management by the programmer

Low-Level Language Characteristics

• Similar to assembly language
• Requires specific memory management by the programmer

Data Types in C

• Numerical types (integer, real)
• Character types
• String constants

C Operators

• Arithmetic
• Conditional
• Relational

C Statements

• A series of tokens forms a statement.
• A set of statements forms a program.

C Basic Structure of Program

• Documentation
• Link Section
• Definition Section
• Global Declaration
• Main Program

Tokens (in C Programming)

• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Operators
• Special Symbols
• Constants

Data Types (in C Programming)

• Integer,
• Float,
• Double,
• Char

Character sets of C

• There are 256 characters.
• Some are on keyboard, others are system generated.
• Each character has a unique binary code (ASCII).

C Language Header Files

• Include statements process files before the program.
• stdio.h - standard input/output functions.
  • Examples: printf(), scanf()
• math.h - mathematical functions
  • Examples: sqrt(), pow(), abs()

C Definition Section

• Defines constants using the #define statement.
• Examples: #define PI 3.14159, #define MAX 100

C Global Declarations

• Variables declared outside any function are global.
• Accessible throughout the program.

C Conditional Statements (if, else if, else)

• Used for decision making in a program.

C Loop Control Statements (while, do-while, for)

• Used to repeat blocks of code.

C Switch Statement

• A multi-branching conditional statement.

String Handling Functions (in C)

• strlen(), strcmp(), strcpy(), strcat().