Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of emergent properties in animal physiology?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of emergent properties in animal physiology?
- The coordinated beating of cardiac muscle cells resulting in a functional heart that can pump blood. (correct)
- The digestion of a protein into individual amino acids by enzymes in the stomach.
- The transport of oxygen by individual hemoglobin molecules within red blood cells.
- An increase in heart rate due to the release of adrenaline during a stressful situation.
Consider an animal species inhabiting a highly variable environment. Which physiological strategy would BEST enable it to cope with unpredictable changes in food availability, temperature, and water access?
Consider an animal species inhabiting a highly variable environment. Which physiological strategy would BEST enable it to cope with unpredictable changes in food availability, temperature, and water access?
- A nervous system predominantly reliant on simple reflex arcs for rapid, pre-programmed responses.
- An endocrine system that maintains a rigid, fixed internal environment regardless of external conditions.
- A highly specialized digestive system that efficiently extracts nutrients from a single food source.
- A flexible suite of homeostatic mechanisms allowing for adjustments in metabolic rate, osmoregulation, and thermoregulation. (correct)
A researcher discovers a new species of marine invertebrate. Analysis reveals that its intracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the surrounding seawater. However, the concentrations of specific ions differ significantly between the intracellular fluid and the seawater. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true of this animal?
A researcher discovers a new species of marine invertebrate. Analysis reveals that its intracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the surrounding seawater. However, the concentrations of specific ions differ significantly between the intracellular fluid and the seawater. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true of this animal?
- It is an osmoconformer and expends energy to regulate specific ion concentrations. (correct)
- It is an osmoregulator and expends energy to maintain its internal osmolarity.
- It is an osmoregulator and does not regulate its internal environment.
- It is an osmoconformer and does not regulate its internal environment.
A hypothetical drug selectively blocks the function of aquaporins in the kidneys. What is the MOST likely consequence of administering this drug to a mammal?
A hypothetical drug selectively blocks the function of aquaporins in the kidneys. What is the MOST likely consequence of administering this drug to a mammal?
Consider a scenario where a mammal is exposed to prolonged cold. Which of the following hormonal responses would be MOST critical for maintaining body temperature and energy balance?
Consider a scenario where a mammal is exposed to prolonged cold. Which of the following hormonal responses would be MOST critical for maintaining body temperature and energy balance?
In a comparative study of respiratory systems, researchers find that a particular insect species has a very high metabolic rate despite lacking lungs or gills. Which of the following adaptations would BEST explain this observation?
In a comparative study of respiratory systems, researchers find that a particular insect species has a very high metabolic rate despite lacking lungs or gills. Which of the following adaptations would BEST explain this observation?
Which of the following scenarios would result in the GREATEST increase in oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in systemic capillaries?
Which of the following scenarios would result in the GREATEST increase in oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in systemic capillaries?
A researcher is studying a novel neurotoxin that selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in neurons. What is the MOST likely effect of this toxin on action potentials?
A researcher is studying a novel neurotoxin that selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in neurons. What is the MOST likely effect of this toxin on action potentials?
A mutation in a gene that codes for a receptor protein in the hypothalamus results in a complete inability to sense changes in blood osmolarity. What is the MOST likely consequence of this mutation?
A mutation in a gene that codes for a receptor protein in the hypothalamus results in a complete inability to sense changes in blood osmolarity. What is the MOST likely consequence of this mutation?
A scientist discovers a new species of snake that can constrict its prey with exceptional force and maintain that constriction for extended periods. Which of the following adaptations in its muscle physiology would BEST explain this ability?
A scientist discovers a new species of snake that can constrict its prey with exceptional force and maintain that constriction for extended periods. Which of the following adaptations in its muscle physiology would BEST explain this ability?
Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external fluctuations.
Negative feedback loops
Negative feedback loops
Dampen or reverse changes in a controlled variable to maintain stability.
Positive feedback loops
Positive feedback loops
Amplify a change, driving the system further away from its initial state.
Membrane transport mechanisms
Membrane transport mechanisms
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Active transport
Active transport
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Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation
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Ectotherms
Ectotherms
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Endotherms
Endotherms
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Respiration
Respiration
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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