Ch 5 Sum: Animal nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of incisors?

  • Cutting meat
  • Holding and tearing prey
  • Grinding and crushing food
  • Biting or cutting food (correct)
  • Which type of teeth is used for catching and holding prey?

  • Premolars
  • Canines (correct)
  • Molars
  • Incisors
  • What is the function of premolars?

  • Biting or cutting food
  • Cutting meat
  • Holding and tearing prey
  • Grinding and crushing food (correct)
  • Where are molars located in the mouth?

    <p>At the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth have jagged, triangular edges and are used for cutting meat?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the human dental formula in terms of the number of incisors?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by protein deficiency, swollen stomach, sores, and stunted growth?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common consequence of diets high in fats and sugars that can lead to plaque buildup in blood vessels?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food allergy symptom is often associated with reactions like swelling, itching, and respiratory issues?

    <p>Muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fluoride in preventing tooth decay?

    <p>To strengthen teeth and prevent cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common reason for using food supplements like calcium, Vitamin D, and protein?

    <p>To address nutrient deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the health consequences associated with alcohol and drug abuse?

    <p>Liver cirrhosis and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth do herbivores have for cutting plant material?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of animal has well-developed canines for catching and tearing prey?

    <p>Carnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skull feature is characteristic of a carnivore?

    <p>Sharp, pointed canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of carnassial teeth in a skull indicate?

    <p>Carnivorous diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces bile for emulsifying fats in the digestive system?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digestive organ secretes pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the physical breakdown of food through chewing and peristalsis?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the chemical breakdown of large food molecules in the digestive system?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does absorption primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in epithelial cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Provide energy for absorption processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process requires energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lacteal found in each villus?

    <p>Absorb and transport lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ does the assimilation process primarily occur?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the liver in nutrient assimilation?

    <p>Deaminate amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of egestion in the digestive system?

    <p>Removal of undigested material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about homeostasis?

    <p>It occurs only in respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

    <p>Absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Detect and counteract deviations from optimal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does insulin do in response to high blood glucose levels?

    <p>Converts glucose to glycogen and lowers blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to high blood glucose levels in Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Loss of insulin-producing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary practice excludes all animal products?

    <p>Vegan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a balanced diet?

    <p>Proteins, minerals, and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Type 2 Diabetes most commonly?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does glucagon promote in response to low blood glucose levels?

    <p>Conversion of glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient serves as a crucial energy source in the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dental function of premolars?

    <p>Grinding and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are incisors located in the mouth?

    <p>In the upper and lower jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of canines?

    <p>Pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth have jagged, triangular edges and are used for cutting meat?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dental formula '2.1.2.3' represent in humans?

    <p>The total number of teeth in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth play a significant role in biting and cutting food?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional disorder is characterized by lack of energy foods, muscle wasting, no fat deposits, and sunken eyes?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What food allergy symptom is commonly associated with reactions like swelling, itching, and respiratory issues?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is caused by excessive intake of energy-rich foods, leading to an increased risk of chronic diseases?

    <p>Coronary Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrient supplements are commonly used to support bone health, muscle repair, and overall well-being?

    <p>Protein supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluoride help prevent tooth decay?

    <p>By strengthening teeth and preventing cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychological condition characterized by excessive weight loss and its associated health risks?

    <p>Anorexia Nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Enhances cellular glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type 1 Diabetes, what is the primary method of treatment?

    <p>Insulin injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Stimulates glucose storage as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary practice excludes pork and certain types of meat?

    <p>Halaal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of proteins in the body?

    <p>Support immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood glucose regulation essential for the human body?

    <p>To supply energy to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is glycogen primarily stored in the human body for later use?

    <p>Liver and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Type 2 Diabetes, often associated with insulin resistance?

    <p>Poor insulin production or cellular response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for converting glucose to glycogen in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth do carnivores usually have for catching and tearing prey?

    <p>Canines for slicing meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skull feature is typically present in a herbivore?

    <p>Broad, flat molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human digestive system, where does the breakdown of large food molecules primarily occur?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in the digestive system produces bile for emulsifying fats and neutralizing stomach acid?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pancreas in the digestive process?

    <p>Secretion of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing most nutrients?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion involves the enzymatic breakdown of large food molecules?

    <p>Chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sphincters play in the stomach during digestion?

    <p>Regulate food entry and exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does peristalsis primarily occur in the human digestive system?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does absorption primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lacteal found in each villus?

    <p>Transport of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the small intestine contain many mitochondria to provide energy for active absorption processes?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the removal of undigested material from the body?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the small intestine, providing ample surface area for absorption?

    <p>6 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells lining the villi secrete mucus to facilitate the dissolution and absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organ involved in the metabolism of glucose, deamination of amino acids, and processing other substances in the assimilation process?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process requires active processes involving energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the small intestine contains millions of finger-like projections to increase the surface area available for absorption?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the blood capillaries in each villus of the small intestine?

    <p>Glucose absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of canines in animals?

    <p>Holding prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth are flat and used for grinding and crushing food?

    <p>Premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dental formula for humans?

    <p>2.1.2.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth are specialized molars and premolars with jagged, triangular edges?

    <p>Carnassial Teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of molars in the mouth?

    <p>Back of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following teeth are chisel-shaped and used for biting or cutting food?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional disorder is characterized by lack of energy foods, resulting in muscle wasting, no fat deposits, and sunken eyes?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical symptom of food allergies that may include reactions such as swelling, itching, and respiratory issues?

    <p>Swollen tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fluoride in dental care to help prevent tooth decay?

    <p>Prevent Cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supplement is commonly used to support bone health, muscle repair, and overall well-being?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What severe health consequences can result from alcohol and drug abuse?

    <p>Memory Loss and Liver Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coronary heart disease is most linked to diets high in which nutrients, leading to plaque buildup in blood vessels?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure plays a crucial role in increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymph vessel called lacteal found in each villus of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorbing and transporting lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

    <p>Stimulating cells to take up glucose and lower blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the digestive system, what is the main role of the liver in the process of assimilation?

    <p>Metabolizing glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells secrete mucus in the small intestine to keep the absorptive surface moist?

    <p>Goblet Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during periods of low blood glucose?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transverse folds in the walls of the small intestine?

    <p>Increasing surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycogen in the context of blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Stores glucose in the liver and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process in the small intestine involves active absorption, requiring energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Glucose absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of blood glucose homeostasis, what does insulin primarily facilitate?

    <p>Uptake of glucose by cells and lowering blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary practice involves excluding all animal products?

    <p>Vegan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli present on the villi lining the small intestine?

    <p>Increasing surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of blood capillaries in the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>Transport of absorbed nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine contains a one-cell layer thick epithelium for quick passage of nutrients?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to regulate blood glucose levels in the body?

    <p>To maintain energy supply to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in the epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>Providing energy for absorption processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main metabolic consequence of high blood glucose levels in the body?

    <p>Increased risk of chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cell functioning, what is the primary effect of low blood glucose levels?

    <p>Fatigue and lack of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth do herbivores typically display for grinding plant material?

    <p>Molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skull feature characterizes carnivores with their function to shear meat?

    <p>Sharp, pointed canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human digestive system, what organ is responsible for the physical breakdown of food primarily through mastication?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands releases saliva containing carbohydrases to chemically break down carbohydrates in the mouth cavity?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the liver in the digestive process, particularly regarding fats?

    <p>Producing bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is responsible for the main site of nutrient absorption, aided by villi to increase the surface area?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system regarding digestion?

    <p>Secreting digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding human nutrition, what does the process of assimilation involve?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the digestive system, what is the primary function of the colon, also known as the large intestine?

    <p>Absorbing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller particles through processes like chewing and peristalsis?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specialized functions of premolars in animals?

    <p>Used for grinding and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth in animals are chisel-shaped and used for biting or cutting food?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of canines in animals?

    <p>Pointed structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are molars located in the human mouth?

    <p>At the back of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals possess carnassial teeth for cutting meat?

    <p>Carnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human dental formula, what does the '2.1.2.3' represent?

    <p>Number and type of teeth in one half of the upper and lower jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutritional disorders is caused by a lack of protein and is characterized by swollen stomach, sores, and stunted growth?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with food allergies, where the immune system reacts to specific food components?

    <p>Itching and respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency can be addressed by commonly taking calcium supplements to support bone health?

    <p>Protein deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychological condition characterized by binge eating and purging in cycles?

    <p>Bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tooth decay results from plaque formation and acid production, but which substance helps strengthen teeth and prevent cavities?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What severe health consequence can result from alcohol and drug abuse, potentially leading to anxiety, depression, and even death?

    <p>Liver cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carnassial teeth in a carnivore's skull?

    <p>Chewing meat efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is typically found in herbivore dentition?

    <p>Broad, flat molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the colon (large intestine) in the digestive system?

    <p>Absorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver contribute to the digestive process?

    <p>Emulsifies fats and stores bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human digestive system, what is the main role of the pancreas?

    <p>Secretion of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Provide surface area for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mechanical digestion primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tongue in the mouth cavity during digestion?

    <p>Mixing food and aiding in swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in the digestive system is responsible for producing bile?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sphincters play in the stomach during the digestion process?

    <p>Regulating the entry and exit of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen, lowering blood glucose levels?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of diabetes mellitus mentioned in the text?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary practice excludes all animal products?

    <p>Vegan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients serves as crucial energy sources in a balanced diet?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone raises blood glucose levels by converting stored glycogen to glucose?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins in a balanced diet?

    <p>Supporting immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Raises blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a balanced diet supports bodily processes and immune function?

    <p>Minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone produced by the pancreas that helps convert glucose to glycogen?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Goblet Cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Produce Mucus for Moistening the Absorptive Surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic function does the liver play in the assimilation process?

    <p>Amino Acid Deamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glucose and amino acids reach body cells after absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Travel through Blood Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in epithelial cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Provide Energy for Absorption Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure absorbs and transports lipids in the small intestine?

    <p>Lacteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the epithelium lining the villi in the small intestine only one-cell layer thick?

    <p>Speed Up Nutrient Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

    <p>Enhance Nutrient Absorption Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a crucial role in metabolizing glucose and deaminating amino acids?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do blood capillaries in villi serve in nutrient absorption?

    <p>Transport Absorbed Nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common dental issue results from the formation of plaque on teeth and acid damage to enamel?

    <p>Tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional disorder is characterized by excessive weight loss due to a psychological condition?

    <p>Anorexia Nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is commonly added to water, salt, and toothpaste to prevent cavities and strengthen teeth?

    <p>Fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not generally considered a food allergen?

    <p>Broccoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of diets high in fats and sugars that contributes to plaque buildup in blood vessels?

    <p>Coronary Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency can lead to muscle wasting, lack of fat deposits, and sunken eyes?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized function of carnassial teeth in animals?

    <p>Used for cutting meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human dental formula, how many molars are present on one side of the upper and lower jaws?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of premolars in animals' dental structure?

    <p>Crushing and grinding food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are primarily responsible for catching, holding, and sometimes killing prey?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of incisors in animals' dental anatomy?

    <p>Biting or cutting food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do molars contribute to the digestive process in animals?

    <p>Crushing and grinding food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do negative feedback mechanisms play in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Detecting and counteracting deviations from optimal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Goblet Cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Secreting mucus to keep the absorptive surface moist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are glucose and amino acids transported after absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes the conversion of stored glycogen into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic feature of Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Genetic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Lacteal in each villus of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorbing and transporting lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for blood glucose levels to be carefully regulated?

    <p>To ensure optimal energy supply to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process that takes place in the small intestine to support growth and energy production?

    <p>Nutrient assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary practice excludes animal products completely?

    <p>Vegan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the small intestine plays a vital role in increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason the epithelium lining the villi in the small intestine is single-cell layer thick?

    <p>To increase absorption efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary sources of energy in a balanced diet?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood capillaries in the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>Transporting absorbed nutrients like glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucagon function in regulating blood glucose levels?

    <p>By promoting glycogen breakdown into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the colon (large intestine) in the digestive process?

    <p>Egestion of undigested material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process in the small intestine requires energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps in converting glucose to glycogen for storage?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does the liver play in the assimilation process?

    <p>Metabolizing glucose and deaminating amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient is crucial for cell repair and growth in the body?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth do carnivores typically have for catching and tearing prey?

    <p>Specialized carnassial teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does the tongue play in the digestive system?

    <p>Mixing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of broad, flat molars in a skull typically indicate?

    <p>Herbivorous diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates chemically in the mouth?

    <p>Carbohydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does gastric juice perform in the stomach?

    <p>Aiding in digestion with enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory organ produces bile for emulsifying fats in the digestive process?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the small intestine considered the main site of nutrient absorption in the body?

    <p>Increases the surface area for absorption with villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the physical breakdown of food through activities like chewing and peristalsis?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the sphincters in the stomach regulate?

    <p>Entry and exit of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure within villi increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are specialized for grinding and crushing food?

    <p>Premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of canines in animal dental anatomy?

    <p>Holding, tearing, and sometimes killing prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dental formula 2.1.2.3, what does '2' represent?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes carnassial teeth from premolars and molars in structure?

    <p>Specialized with jagged, triangular edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are predominantly used for cutting meat in carnivores like cats and dogs?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the carnassial teeth typically found in the mouth?

    <p>Behind canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency?

    <p>Swollen stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is typically characterized by a lack of energy foods, resulting in muscle wasting and no fat deposits?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue can be linked to diets high in fats and sugars?

    <p>Coronary Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food components commonly leads to food allergies?

    <p>Gluten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common purpose of food supplements like calcium and Vitamin D?

    <p>Supporting bone health and muscle repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can tooth decay be prevented through dental care in terms of toothpaste additives?

    <p>Incorporating fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Promotes the conversion of stored glycogen into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic feature of Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Inherited or loss of insulin-producing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Type 2 Diabetes most commonly?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles called?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels by converting glucose to glycogen?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Stimulates cells to take up glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucagon in the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low?

    <p>Raises blood glucose levels by converting stored glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient serves as the primary energy source in the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do negative feedback mechanisms contribute to maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>By detecting and counteracting deviations from optimal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increase the absorption surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process in the small intestine requires energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active absorption of glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of goblet cells in the small intestine?

    <p>Secrete mucus for moistening the absorptive surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glucose and amino acids reach body cells after absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Carried via blood capillaries to different cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lacteal found in each villus?

    <p>Absorb lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are large intestine adaptations beneficial for absorption?

    <p>Aiding in water and mineral salt reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of egestion in the digestive process?

    <p>Removing undigested material from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures increase the absorption efficiency in the small intestine?

    <p>Villi and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation in the small intestine supports digestion and absorption?

    <p>Large surface area from length and villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are blood capillaries abundant in the villi of the small intestine?

    <p>To transport absorbed nutrients throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of incisors in the digestive process?

    <p>To grind plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skull feature is characteristic of a carnivore and aids in shearing meat?

    <p>Specialized carnassial teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

    <p>Neutralization of stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory organ in the digestive system produces enzymes that aid in the breakdown of nutrients?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system contains villi to increase the surface area for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in digestion?

    <p>Neutralize stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In human nutrition, what is the role of mastication in the digestive process?

    <p>To mechanically break down food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of teeth are typically reduced or absent in herbivores due to their dietary habits?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of an omnivore's dental structure?

    <p>Adapted for grinding plant material and meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are specialized for cutting meat in animals like cats and dogs?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of incisors typically like in animals' dental anatomy?

    <p>Chisel-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of teeth are located behind the canines and used for grinding and crushing food?

    <p>Premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dental formula 2.1.2.3, what does the number '3' represent?

    <p>Molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are designed for biting and cutting food in animals?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of molars in animals' dental anatomy?

    <p>Used for grinding and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dental condition is characterized by a lack of energy foods, resulting in muscle wasting, no fat deposits, and sunken eyes?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disorder?

    <p>Swollen Stomach, Sores, and Stunted Growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is linked to diets high in fats and sugars, often leading to plaque buildup in blood vessels?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of alcohol and drug abuse on health as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Can Lead to Liver Cirrhosis, Memory Loss, and Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food component often triggers an immune system response leading to symptoms like swelling, itching, and respiratory issues?

    <p>Gluten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is commonly supplemented to support bone health, muscle repair, and overall well-being?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for maintaining stability of internal conditions in an organism?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Raise blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycogen in the context of blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Lowers blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for high blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels?

    <p>Convert glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is careful regulation of blood glucose levels important for the human body?

    <p>To ensure energy supply to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main symptoms associated with high blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are involved in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Convert glucose to glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common function of sharp incisors and well-developed canines in animals?

    <p>Capturing prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animals, the presence of broad, flat molars is typically associated with:

    <p>Grinding plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

    <p>Releasing bile for fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary role of the pancreas in digestion is to:

    <p>Break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical digestion involves:

    <p>The physical breakdown of food particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive process?

    <p>Absorbing water and salts, forming feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the small intestine increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Plicae circulares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human digestive system, where does food mix with gastric juice to form chyme?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sphincters in the stomach?

    <p>Regulating entry and exit of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gastric juice in the stomach is composed of:

    <p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the small intestine are responsible for keeping the absorptive surface moist to facilitate the absorption of nutrients?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

    <p>Convert glucose to glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What broadly characterizes the function of the colon (large intestine) in the digestive process?

    <p>Removal of undigested material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient absorption process in the small intestine requires energy to move nutrients against concentration gradients?

    <p>Active absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the blood circulatory system, what is the eventual destination for glucose and amino acids absorbed from the small intestine?

    <p>Various body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage in the digestive process are most water and mineral salts absorbed from undigested material?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific structures in the small intestine increase the surface area available for absorption?

    <p>Villi and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the villi in the small intestine with regard to nutrient absorption?

    <p>Increase surface area available for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of absorption process in the small intestine involves transport of nutrients into the bloodstream or lymphatic system?

    <p>Lipid transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

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