Animal Nutrition Terms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does TDN stand for in animal nutrition?

  • Total Digestible Nutrients (correct)
  • Total Digestive Energy
  • Total Dietary Nutrients
  • Total Dietary Needs

Cereal grains typically have lower TDN values than leguminous hay.

False (B)

How is the TDN value of a feed determined?

Through digestion trials measuring faecal output.

A __________ is the amount of feed allowed for an animal during a 24-hour period.

<p>ration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following feeds with their descriptions:

<p>Flax seeds = Rich in fat, providing more than 100 lbs of TDN per 100 lbs of dry feed Leguminous hay = Contains smaller amounts of TDN than grains Straws = Has especially low TDN values Cereal grains = Rich source of TDN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is most represented in a protein supplement?

<p>Protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural feeds include only synthetic nutrients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are supplements in animal nutrition?

<p>Concentrated sources of protein, minerals, or vitamins added to the diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a balanced ration provide for an animal?

<p>All necessary nutrients in proper amounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A maintenance ration is necessary for animals that are highly active and producing products.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define nutritive ratio (NR).

<p>The ratio between digestible crude protein (DCP) and digestible carbohydrates and fats multiplied by 2.25.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nutritive ratio is calculated as NR = DCP : DC + _____ x 2.25.

<p>DF</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups corresponds to a narrow nutritive ratio?

<p>1:5 or less (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The biological value (BV) measures the amount of nitrogen retained by an animal after digestion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an NR of 1:10.4 indicate regarding corn?

<p>For every pound of digestible protein in corn, there are 10.4 pounds of digestible carbohydrates and fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of nutritive ratios with their descriptions:

<p>Narrow NR = 1:5 or less, high in protein content Medium NR = 1:6 - 1:7, middle in protein content Wide NR = 1:8 or more, low in protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Apparent Biological Value (BV%) measure?

<p>The proportion of feed protein utilized for synthesizing body tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animal proteins generally have lower biological values than plant proteins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Apparent Biological Value (BV%)?

<p>BV% = (N intake - [fecal N + urinary N]) / (N intake - fecal N) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

The variable MFN in the formula stands for __________.

<p>Metabolic faecal nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a macronutrient?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their descriptions:

<p>N intake = Total nitrogen consumed by the animal Fecal N = Nitrogen excreted in feces EUN = Endogenous urinary nitrogen BV = Biological Value of feed protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digestible Nutrient (DN) refers to the portion of a nutrient that is excreted in the feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the digestion coefficient?

<p>Digestion coefficient = (Digestible nutrient / Nutrient intake) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can affect the biological values of feed proteins?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The calculation of biological value can be recorded in tables of feed description.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is the sum of the percentages of __________, __________, and __________.

<p>digestible carbohydrates, digestible proteins, digestible fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Nutrient = A constituent in food that supports life Macronutrient = Nutrient required in high amounts Micronutrient = Nutrient required in low amounts Digestible Nutrient = Portion of a nutrient that is digested and absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided nitrogen balance data, what is the calculated Apparent Biological Value (BV%)?

<p>79%</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an animal is given 50 g of protein and excretes 5 g in fecal matter, what is the digestible nutrient of protein?

<p>45 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Micronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The digestion coefficient can be calculated by multiplying the Digestible Nutrient by __________.

<p>100/Nutrient intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nutrient

Any substance utilized by an animal or plant for growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

Digestible Nutrient (DN)

The portion of a nutrient that is digested and absorbed by the body.

Digestion Coefficient (DC)

The percentage of a nutrient that is digested in a specific feed.

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)

The sum of percentages of digestible carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (multiplied by 2.25) in a feed.

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Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts (kg or % by weight) in the diet, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

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Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in small amounts (ng, µg, or mg per kg) in the diet, such as vitamins and minerals.

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Nutrition

The sum of all the processes an organism uses to obtain, process, and utilize food substances.

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Animal Nutrition

The scientific study of how animals utilize food for growth, maintenance, and production.

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Balanced ration

The amount of feed that meets the animal's nutritional needs within a 24-hour period.

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Maintenance ration

The minimum amount of feed needed to keep an animal alive without any weight gain or loss.

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Nutritive Ratio (NR)

The ratio between digestible protein and digestible carbohydrates and fats (multiplied by 2.25).

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Biological value (BV)

The proportion of absorbed protein retained by the animal for growth and maintenance.

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Narrow NR

A nutritive ratio less than or equal to 1:5, indicating high protein content. Examples: LSC (1:2.4) and tankage (1:0.5)

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Medium NR

A nutritive ratio between 1:6 and 1:7, indicating moderate protein content. Example: Rice bran.

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Wide NR

A nutritive ratio of 1:8 or greater, indicating low protein content. Examples: Corn (1:10.4), wheat straw (1:51), and molasses (1:58.5).

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What is TDN?

A measure of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) in a feed, calculated by summing the digestible amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fat.

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How is TDN calculated?

T.D.N is calculated by adding the digestible amounts of digestible crude protein, digestible carbohydrates, and digestible fat. The digestible fat value is multiplied by 2.25 as fat supplies 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates.

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How is the TDN value determined?

The TDN value of a specific feed is determined through digestion trials. In these trials, animals are fed known amounts of the feed, and the amount of nutrients in the feces is measured. By subtracting the amount of nutrients in the feces from the amount of nutrients in the feed, the digestible amount of each nutrient is calculated.

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Compare TDN values in different feeds.

Cereal grains are high in TDN due to their high carbohydrate content. Leguminous hay and grass hay have lower TDN values compared to grains. Straws have very low TDN content.

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What's unique about flax seeds in terms of TDN?

Flax seeds are rich in fat and therefore have a TDN value of over 100%, meaning 100 lbs of flax seeds provide as much energy as 108.3 lbs of digestible starch.

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What are feeding stuffs?

Any product that provides nutritional value when used in an animal diet. This includes both natural products (plant or animal) and synthetic supplements.

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What are supplements?

They are concentrated sources of specific nutrients like protein, minerals, or vitamins. These are added to animal diets to supplement or enhance the nutritional value.

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What is a ration?

The amount of feed allocated to an animal over a 24-hour period. This can be given all at once or divided into multiple portions throughout the day.

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Apparent BV

The amount of nitrogen consumed minus the amount of nitrogen lost in feces and urine.

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True BV

The amount of nitrogen consumed minus the amount of nitrogen lost in feces, adjusted for metabolic fecal nitrogen, and urine, adjusted for endogenous urinary nitrogen.

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Metabolic Fecal Nitrogen (MFN)

Nitrogen lost in feces that's not due to undigested feed protein, but rather from metabolic processes.

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Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen (EUN)

Nitrogen excreted in urine that's not from the breakdown of feed protein, but from the body's own metabolism.

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BV of Animal vs. Plant Proteins

Animal proteins in general have higher BV than plant proteins because they usually have a better balance of essential amino acids.

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BV Variability

The BV of a feed protein can vary depending on the animal's protein intake, species, and the type of product being produced.

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Exception: Gelatin

Gelatin, despite being an animal protein, is low in BV because it lacks some essential amino acids.

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Study Notes

Technical Terms in Animal Nutrition

  • Nutrition: The sum of all processes by which an animal or plant utilizes a food substance.
  • Nutrient: A feed constituent (or group of constituents) with a similar chemical composition that supports life. It's the fundamental unit of a feedstuff, supporting life. Examples include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Air and water might also be considered nutrients.

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

  • Macronutrients: Nutrients required in high amounts (kilograms or percentages). Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, forming the largest portion of most foods.
  • Micronutrients: Nutrients needed in low concentrations (nanograms, micrograms, or milligrams per kilogram). Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.

Digestible Nutrient (DN)

  • Digestible Nutrient (DN): The portion of a nutrient that's digested and absorbed by the body.

Digestion Coefficient (DC)

  • Digestion Coefficient (DC): The percentage of a nutrient digested in a feed or ration.
    Calculated as: (Digestible nutrient / Nutrient intake) x 100

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)

  • Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN): The sum of percentages of digestible organic nutrients. This includes digestible carbohydrates (crude fiber + nitrogen-free extract), digestible proteins, and digestible fat (multiplied by 2.25, as fat has a higher energy value).

Feeding Stuff

  • Feeding Stuff: Any product that, when properly used in the diet, provides nutritional value.

Supplements

  • Supplements: Concentrated sources of protein, minerals, or vitamins.
  • Protein supplement: Feeds with 20% or more protein.
  • Mineral and vitamin supplements: Mineral or vitamin carriers added to the ration.

Ration

  • Ration: The amount of feed allowed for a given animal in 24 hours. Can be given at one time or in portions throughout the day.

Balanced Ration

  • Balanced Ration: A ration that meets all nutrient requirements for an animal over 24 hours, providing appropriate amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins.

Maintenance Ration

  • Maintenance Ration: The minimum feed needed to maintain an animal's life without weight gain or loss, typically for animals that are not working or producing.

Nutritive Ratio (NR)

  • Nutritive Ratio (NR): The ratio between digestible crude protein (DCP) and digestible carbohydrates and fats (multiplied by 2.25). Represents the ratio of digestible nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous nutrients.
  • NR Calculation: DCP / (DC + (DF x 2.25)).

Biological Value (BV)

  • Biological Value (BV): The proportion of digested and absorbed dietary protein retained and used by the animal, not excreted in the urine. Calculated as: [N intake – (fecal N + urinary N)]/ N intake x 100

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Technical Terms for Animal Nutrition PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the essential terms and concepts of animal nutrition! This quiz covers crucial topics such as macronutrients, micronutrients, and digestibility metrics, helping you understand the dietary needs of animals. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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