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Questions and Answers
Which mineral is essential for the function of protein synthesis?
Which mineral is essential for the function of protein synthesis?
What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
Which of the following mineral deficiencies is associated with anemia?
Which of the following mineral deficiencies is associated with anemia?
What is the primary role of sodium in the body?
What is the primary role of sodium in the body?
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Which mineral is essential for the development of hair and feathers?
Which mineral is essential for the development of hair and feathers?
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What is the term given to any material that includes naturally in both plants and animals, including the by-products prepared from them?
What is the term given to any material that includes naturally in both plants and animals, including the by-products prepared from them?
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What is the term given to any material that when properly used has nutritional value in the diet?
What is the term given to any material that when properly used has nutritional value in the diet?
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What are substances or elements that are found in plants and animals that are necessary to support life processes of the animals?
What are substances or elements that are found in plants and animals that are necessary to support life processes of the animals?
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What is the food given to the animals with a balance of nutrients needed by the animals within 24 hours?
What is the food given to the animals with a balance of nutrients needed by the animals within 24 hours?
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What is a complex protein produced in living cells that causes changes in other substances within the body without being changed itself?
What is a complex protein produced in living cells that causes changes in other substances within the body without being changed itself?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient?
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in ruminants and monogastric?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in ruminants and monogastric?
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What type of carbohydrate is made up of 3-10 monosaccharide units?
What type of carbohydrate is made up of 3-10 monosaccharide units?
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What is the characteristic of lipids in terms of solubility?
What is the characteristic of lipids in terms of solubility?
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What is the result of hydrolysis of lipids?
What is the result of hydrolysis of lipids?
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What is the function of cellulose and hemicellulose in the body?
What is the function of cellulose and hemicellulose in the body?
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What is the characteristic of monosaccharides in terms of utilization by the body?
What is the characteristic of monosaccharides in terms of utilization by the body?
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What is the purpose of antioxidants in animal feed?
What is the purpose of antioxidants in animal feed?
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What is the function of probiotics in animal feed?
What is the function of probiotics in animal feed?
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Which of the following is an example of a pigmenter?
Which of the following is an example of a pigmenter?
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What is the purpose of metabolic modifiers in animal feed?
What is the purpose of metabolic modifiers in animal feed?
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Which of the following is an example of a prebiotic?
Which of the following is an example of a prebiotic?
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What is the function of antibiotics in animal feed?
What is the function of antibiotics in animal feed?
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What percentage of crude protein does hog starter mash contain?
What percentage of crude protein does hog starter mash contain?
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What is the advantage of group feeding over individual feeding?
What is the advantage of group feeding over individual feeding?
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What is the advantage of dry feeding over wet feeding?
What is the advantage of dry feeding over wet feeding?
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What is the characteristic of continuous grazing?
What is the characteristic of continuous grazing?
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What is the composition of slops in wet feeding?
What is the composition of slops in wet feeding?
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What type of feeding system is preferred in commercial scale?
What type of feeding system is preferred in commercial scale?
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Study Notes
Mineral Functions and Deficiencies
- Minerals are essential for various bodily functions, including skeletal formation and maintenance, protein synthesis, oxygen transport, fluid balance, and enzyme activation.
- Specific minerals have distinct functions, such as:
- Ca, P, Mg, Cu, and Mn for skeletal formation and maintenance
- P, S, and Zn for protein synthesis
- Fe and Cu for oxygen transport
- Na, Cl, and K for fluid balance
- Deficiencies in certain minerals can lead to various health problems, including:
- Sulfur deficiency: low feed efficiency and slow wool growth in sheep
- Iron deficiency: anemia, thumps in pigs
- Copper deficiency: fading hair coat, lameness, swelling of joints, and fragility of bones
- Zinc deficiency: poor hair/feather development, slipping of wool, rough and thickened skin, retard growth, and anorexia
- Iodine deficiency: goiter, still births, hairless pigs or wool-less lambs at birth
Animal Nutrition Terminologies
- Feed: any material that includes naturally in both plants and animals, including by-products prepared from them
- Feedstuff: any material, both natural and synthetic, that has nutritional value when properly used in the diet
- Nutrients: substances or elements found in plants and animals that are necessary to support life processes
- Ration: the food given to animals with a balanced mix of nutrients needed within 24 hours
- Enzymes: complex proteins produced in living cells that cause changes in other substances within the body
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates have several functions, including:
- Providing energy for ruminants and monogastric animals
- Serving as structural components of cell walls
- Storing energy as fats
- Comprising nucleic acids and some lipids and proteins
- Participating in cell-to-cell recognition processes
- There are four main classes of carbohydrates:
- Monosaccharides: simple sugars, such as glucose, galactose, and fructose
- Disaccharides: composed of two monosaccharides linked together, such as sucrose and lactose
- Oligosaccharides: made up of 3-10 monosaccharide units
- Polysaccharides: long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Fats/Lipids
- Fats/lipids are present in both plants and animals and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
- They provide energy and have structural functions, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Hydrolysis of fats/lipids produces fatty acids and glycerol
Feed Additives and Modifiers
- Antioxidants: protect polyunsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins from destruction by peroxidation
- Probiotics: live microbials added to rations to improve intestinal microbial balance
- Prebiotics: non-digestible substances that selectively stimulate beneficial microorganisms in the colon
- Pigmenters: chemical agents used to enhance coloration and pigmentation of the skin or egg yolk in poultry
- Metabolic modifiers: compounds that modify animal metabolisms in specific ways, such as repartitioning agents
- Antibiotics: chemical substances produced by microorganisms that increase growth rate and feed utilization when added to feeds at sub-therapeutic levels
Feeding Methods and Systems
- Ad libitum feeding: animals are allowed to eat as much as they can
- Restricted feeding: animals are limited to 80-85% of their full feed capacity
- Feeding methods: floor vs. trough feeding, group vs. individual feeding, dry vs. wet feeding
- Grazing systems: continuous grazing and rotational grazing, with different carrying capacities and benefits
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Description
Test your knowledge of animal nutrition terms, including feeds, feedstuffs, and more. Learn about the definitions and concepts related to animal nutrition with this quiz. Prepared by Angelica P.Maderse from the Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Mindanao University.
