Animal Nutrition: Lecture 2 - Animal Feed and Nutrients

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy for animals?

Proteins

Vitamins and minerals

Carbohydrates and fats (correct)

Lipids only

What is the ranking of water in importance for animal life?

Third after oxygen and carbohydrates

Last after all other nutrients

First after oxygen

Second after oxygen (correct)

What is the primary function of water in the animal body?

Aids in lipid metabolism

Regulates body temperature (correct)

Supports protein synthesis

Provides energy for muscular activity

What is true about almost all animal feeds?

They contain all nutrients, but in different proportions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when protein intake exceeds the body's needs?

Protein supplies energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that distinguishes ruminants from non-ruminants?

Their digestive system capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for maintenance and daily activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in the body's biochemical processes?

It has ionizing power for all biochemical processes Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the body has excess carbohydrates?

It is stored as fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary source of energy in the body?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in the excretion of waste products?

It helps to excrete waste products in the form of urine, faeces, and perspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of protein in the body?

To build and repair muscles and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of lipids as a nutrient?

They produce higher energy value than carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of vitamins based on their solubility?

Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin B and C, Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E, and K Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of macrominerals in the body?

To maintain overall health and well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a by-product feed for animals?

Soybean meal Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to provide a combination of animal feeds?

Because a single feed is incomplete and lacks certain nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of animal feeds that are nutrient-dense?

They contain a certain nutrient only Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of Water

Regulates body temperature
Essential for life, well-being, and health
Accounts for 50-95% of an animal's body composition

Animal Nutrition

Animals require the same nutrients as humans
Two major classes of livestock: Ruminants and Non-ruminants (Monogastrics)

Nutrients and their Functions

Carbohydrates:
- Primary source of energy
- Essential for maintenance and growth
Protein:
- Essential for growth and repair of muscles and body tissues
- Used to build and maintain body products
Lipids:
- Produce higher energy value than carbohydrates
- Excess lipids are stored as fat
Minerals:
- Essential for life, well-being, and health
- Classified into macrominerals (Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg) and microminerals (I, Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, Mo, Zn)
Vitamins:
- Essential for life, well-being, and health
- Classified into water-soluble (B and C) and fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K)

Animal Feed

Definition: A substance that can be eaten, digested, and absorbed to provide nutrients
Examples:
- Grasses and cereal grains grown specifically for animals
- By-products (e.g., soybean meal, palm kernel cake, brewers' grains)
- Surplus food crops (e.g., fruits, vegetables, roots)
- Nutrient-dense feeds containing specific nutrients only
No single feed is complete and balanced with all the necessary nutrients

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Description

Test your understanding of animal feed and nutrients for ruminants and non-ruminants, including classification and characteristics of different feed types. Learn about the nutritional requirements of livestock and how they differ from humans.