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Questions and Answers
Why do female dunnocks mate with multiple males?
Why do female dunnocks mate with multiple males?
- To increase the genetic quality of their offspring
- To reduce the risk of infanticide (correct)
- To lay multiple clutches of eggs
- To select a single high-quality male partner
What is the term for the phenomenon where a female mates with multiple males?
What is the term for the phenomenon where a female mates with multiple males?
- Polyandry (correct)
- Inbreeding
- Polygyny
- Monogamy
What is the Reduced Infanticide Hypothesis?
What is the Reduced Infanticide Hypothesis?
- The idea that multiple mating is a result of inbreeding avoidance
- The idea that multiple mating improves offspring quality
- The idea that multiple mating increases genetic diversity
- The idea that multiple mating reduces infanticide risk (correct)
What is the Genetic Compatibility Hypothesis?
What is the Genetic Compatibility Hypothesis?
Why do some males ignore a female's baby?
Why do some males ignore a female's baby?
What is the benefit of the Good Genes Hypothesis?
What is the benefit of the Good Genes Hypothesis?
What do females select for when choosing a mate in the context of evolutionary biology?
What do females select for when choosing a mate in the context of evolutionary biology?
What is the benefit of polyandry in the Yellow-toothed cavy?
What is the benefit of polyandry in the Yellow-toothed cavy?
What is the advantage of extra-pair mating in Dark-eyed Juncos?
What is the advantage of extra-pair mating in Dark-eyed Juncos?
Why are sons of extra-pair mates in Dark-eyed Juncos more successful?
Why are sons of extra-pair mates in Dark-eyed Juncos more successful?
What is the proposed explanation for why females engage in polyandry?
What is the proposed explanation for why females engage in polyandry?
What is the outcome for daughters of extra-pair mates in Dark-eyed Juncos?
What is the outcome for daughters of extra-pair mates in Dark-eyed Juncos?
What is the primary reason why female pseudoscorpions prefer to mate with new males?
What is the primary reason why female pseudoscorpions prefer to mate with new males?
What happens when gametes with especially compatible genotypes unite?
What happens when gametes with especially compatible genotypes unite?
What was the outcome when females were given the opportunity to mate with the same male again 90 minutes after an initial copulation?
What was the outcome when females were given the opportunity to mate with the same male again 90 minutes after an initial copulation?
What is the advantage of heterozygotes over homozygotes?
What is the advantage of heterozygotes over homozygotes?
What is the Genetic Diversity Hypothesis?
What is the Genetic Diversity Hypothesis?
What was the correlation between the number of surviving offspring produced by females with different males and the number produced by females paired with a single male?
What was the correlation between the number of surviving offspring produced by females with different males and the number produced by females paired with a single male?
What might a greater diversity of individuals within a colony allow members to withstand?
What might a greater diversity of individuals within a colony allow members to withstand?
In the Bluethroat study, what was observed about the offspring of extra-pair mates compared to those sired by social partners?
In the Bluethroat study, what was observed about the offspring of extra-pair mates compared to those sired by social partners?
How was the immune function of nestlings tested in the Bluethroat study?
How was the immune function of nestlings tested in the Bluethroat study?
According to the Inbreeding Avoidance Hypothesis, why do females choose extra-pair mates?
According to the Inbreeding Avoidance Hypothesis, why do females choose extra-pair mates?
In Red-backed fairy-wrens, what was observed about females paired to genetically similar males?
In Red-backed fairy-wrens, what was observed about females paired to genetically similar males?
What was observed about the offspring of incestuous pairs in the Purple-crowned fairy-wren study?
What was observed about the offspring of incestuous pairs in the Purple-crowned fairy-wren study?
What is the primary reason why females in some species form groups?
What is the primary reason why females in some species form groups?
What is the main characteristic of Resource Defense Polygyny Hypothesis?
What is the main characteristic of Resource Defense Polygyny Hypothesis?
What is unique about the behavior of Grevy's zebra females in arid regions?
What is unique about the behavior of Grevy's zebra females in arid regions?
Why do males set up territories near water sources in Grevy's zebra populations?
Why do males set up territories near water sources in Grevy's zebra populations?
What is the purpose of a lek in Lek Polygyny Hypothesis?
What is the purpose of a lek in Lek Polygyny Hypothesis?
What is a characteristic of females in Lek Polygyny Hypothesis?
What is a characteristic of females in Lek Polygyny Hypothesis?
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Study Notes
Female Defense Against Predators
- In some species, females form groups for protection against predators, attracting males who compete for the group.
- In male lions, males fight over prides of females, defending against infanticidal males.
Resource Defense Polygyny
- In some species, males control access to resources that females visit, allowing them to become polygynous.
- Grevy's zebras: males set up territories near water, attracting receptive females.
Lek Polygyny
- Males fight to control a small display area (lek) where females choose a mate.
- Females mate with multiple males, receive sperm, and depart to rear offspring alone.
Reduced Infanticide Hypothesis
- By mating with multiple males, a female may encourage them to leave her newborn alone.
- Hanuman langurs: males ignore a female's baby if they have mated with her prior to birth.
Polyandry
- One female mates with multiple males, increasing genetic diversity and lowering infanticide risk.
- Examples: Grey Foam Nest Treefrog, Yellow-toothed cavy, Dark-eyed Junco.
Good Genes Hypothesis
- Females choose mates with honest indicators of high genetic quality, increasing offspring survival and reproductive success.
Genetic Compatibility Hypothesis
- Females increase the odds of receiving genetically complementary sperm by mating with multiple males.
- Example: Pseudoscorpions: females prefer new males over previous partners to increase genetic compatibility.
Genetic Diversity Hypothesis
- Females benefit from increasing heterozygosity in offspring, increasing their survival and reproductive success.
- Examples: Bluethroat, Purple-crowned fairy-wrens.
Inbreeding Avoidance Hypothesis
- Females choose extra-pair mates to avoid inbreeding, which produces less heterozygous offspring.
- Examples: Red-backed fairy-wrens, Purple-crowned fairy-wrens.
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